/ Azdrubal and Anibal /
______________________________
/ Jesus -Curses the Fig - Tree /
|
/ Michael / is / An Angel / Holding / The Key to the Bottomle-ss Pit / and / A Great Chain /
|
____|________/ Who is ? of Ahlai / Who is ? of Bozrah / of / Who is ? of Zochar /_____|____
|
/ "You Must Be Born Again" /
|
/ Bee - Koz /
|
/ The Men of Iconium /
|
/ Our Father's Sinned / Who's Father Sin ? / Your First Father Sinned / Sin of Your Father of Sinai /
|
/ Jonah the son of Amitta /
|
/ Avvim / of / Adam / of / City of Adam / and Eve / of / Ninevah /
|
/ Nic-olia-tan-s / of / Hoopoe, and the Bat / of / Hathath / Hathach / Hatched /
|
/ Feather of Hen's of Og / of / Knessets / of / The Eagle of Saladin /
|
/ Axe-Men / of Acts of Luke / of / Lukud of Likhi / Hatched / Under A Kamon /
|
/ Beth -/ Twin-Gazelles that Grazes among the Lilies /- Baal /
|
/ So you shall purge the evil from your midst /
|
/ Up Root the Weeds of / Debauchery / of / Those Who -Despise ? /
|
/ Humpty Dumpty / of / Anuki / of / Aztec -Incah--Micah / Hid Them Selves / Behind-America /
|
_________of_________
|
/ Azdrubal / Anibal / of / Bela sons of Beor son of Janeas son of Balaam son's of Beor son of Laban / and Adinah /
|
/ Latinus took Ushpezena the daughter of Azdrubal for a wife, /
|
/ Latinus took Janiah the daughter of Uzi for a wife /
|
/ Anibal the son of Angeas/Bela, the younger brother of Azdrubal, /
|
___________of___________
|
/ Modern History / of / Three Age System of Historians / of / Ancient To Modern /
|
/ Alphanu and Romah / of / Angeas / of / Aretas / of / Turnus king of Bibentu /
|
/ Iberiah / I-Beriah / of / Iberiah / of / Janiah Daughter of Uzi / of / Mede / Midian / Medan / of / Medes /
|
/ Janeas / of / Jannes / Jambres / of / Latinus /
|
/ Lucus / of / Romah / Romia / Roman / Rome / of / Sabeans /
|
/ Sardunia / of / Telessar / of / Tibreu / of / Tus-canan /
|
/ The Hungry Hungarian / of / The Hung-arian / of / Ongolis / of / The Gilak / of / Gog /
|
/ Ahimelech / Ahi- / Ahi-tub / Tub- / -al / Tubal-Cain / Tu-bal / Abi-tub / Abi- / Abi-melech /
|
/ Canada / of / Slave - Free ? / of / US /
|
/ The Cities / of / Law-less-ness / of / Ez-Zion-Ben-Geber / of / Ben-Geber 60 -Copy 2 /
|
/ Ashpenaz, his chief Eunuch ? / of / Ushpezena /
|
/ Sexual Immorality / of / Pantheon / Eunuchs / of / Hesbollah / of / Islam / of / Izhar / of / Babylon / of / Thebes /
|
/ The Potters / of / Abo-Bor-Ri-Ig-In-Ese / of / Ages / Past / Path / of / Abr-Bru-Ru-UZ-ZZ-Zo- /
|
/ Bela sons of Beor son of Janeas son of Balaam son's of Beor son of Laban / and Adinah /
|
/ Ber-ber / Moores / of / Boer / of / Iberiah / of / Bera / of / Eber / are / Bar-b-arians /
|
/ Galatia / or / Gala-cia / or / Gall-aic / Ga-eli-c / of / Gallim / city of Dan / of Bashan /
|
/ Berber Moors / of / Sardunia / of / Bar-Riot / of / Turnus / of / Râsû’ĕjâ of Rajasthan /
|
/ Great Ones / of / Assyria / Y-Eye-I / Assir / of / Pas-dammim /
|
/ Ahimelech / Ahi- / Ahi-tub / Tub- / -al / Tubal-Cain / Tu-bal / Abi-tub / Abi- / Abi-melech /
|
/ Abi-melech-Conspiracy" / Timber / and / Stones / of / "Gibeonite Deception" /
|
_____________of_____________
|
/ King Oswiris son of Anom / Anamim /
|
/ Sons of Hinnom / Ashshurbanipal/(Osnappar) son of Esarhaddon / son of Sennacherib /
son
of
/ Sargon II /
son
of
/ Shalmaneser /
son
of
/ Pul is / Tiglath-pileser /
|
/ Ur of Chaldeans / Ur- of Syrians from Kir ? /
|
/ A Goat Who is ? of Ram Who is ? of Alemann-ic Who is ? of Arama-ic Who is ? of Arab-ic /
|
/ Great Ones / of / Assyria / Y-Eye-I / Assir / of / Pas-dammim /
|
_________________________of__________________________
|
/ Zepho / King of / Chittim /
Defeated
/ Lucus King of / Sardunia / the Brother of Angeas/Bela King of Africa, which is Dinhabah /
|
/ Bela sons of Beor son of Janeas son of Balaam son's of Beor son of Laban / and Adinah /
|
/ Haran / of / Arpachshad / of / Mariners / of / Cyprus / of / Mari / of / Carchemish / of / Tiphsah /
|
/ Laban-ese / Phoen-ic-CIA / Crypto Jew-ish / MAphiah / Mob-lord-Cartel-Nob /
|
________of________
|
/ Ham/Egypt/Africa /
|
/ Sheba the son of Bichri, a / Ben-Jamin-nite /
|
/ Micah and The Levite / A Levite and His Concubine / Micah and the Carved Image /
|
/ The Leaders of Shechem / of / The House of Shiloh / of / Shechem /
|
/ The Sect / of / Wives Provide For Benjamin / Daughter of Put-iel / of / Ben-Jamin-nite /
|
/ Bezalel / of / Craftsman-Ga-latian-Merchants / of / Oholiab /
|
______________of______________
|
/ Abianus King Chittim / of / Latianus / of / Kikianus King of Cush /
|
/ Abianus / King Chittim / Lysanias- Tetrarch of Abilene, / of / Kikianus King of Cush /
|
/ Lucius / of / Lucus king of / Sardunia / Brother of Bela / of / Lycaonia /
|
/ Gera Brother of Bela / Brother of Chorash / son of Laban King of Beth-Horon /
|
/ Esther's Uncle / Mordecai son of Jair, son of Shimei Son of Gera Brother of Bela /
|
/ Anibal the son of Angeas the younger brother of Azdrubal /
|
/ Jo-nadab -/- Jo-nathan / son of Shimeah-/-Shimei / Brother of David / a very crafty man. /
|
/ Jonadab, the son of Shimeah /--of--/ Shimri son of Hosah /--of--/ Jozacar the son of Shimeath /
|
/ Im-ri / son of Bani /--of--/ Zimri son of / Salu /--of--/ Shimri son of Hosah /
|
/ Jonadab, the son of Shimeah /--of--/ Shelomi-Salome /--of--/ Jozacar the son of Shimeath /
|
/ Ezri son of Chelub;
|
/ Azdrubal and Anibal /
|
[ Woe to Those at Ease at Zion ]
|
/ Cabul-ist / of / Philosopher / of / Ashteroth-Karnaim / of / Nebo-(Karnebo) / of / Z-ion-ism /
|
/ Laban-ese / Phoen-ic-CIA / Crypto Jew-ish / MAphiah / Mob-lord-Cartel-Nob /
|
/ Anibal returns to Chittim son of Javan and defeats Latinus /
|
/ Britannia and Kernania, the children of Elisha son of Javan /
|
/ 1) Lud of London of Abdon of Dibri of Britain of Debir of Eglon of England- Eglaim /
|
5)-Kartah-Qatar-Bahrain of Shimei Son of Gera Brother of Bela /
|
/ Tarshish-Spain of Philip of Britain-Britannia / of / Germain / of / Ukrain-Rosh / of / Bahrain /
|
/ 3) Spain-Tarshish / of / Madai-Maine-Magog / of / 4) Rushash-Ukraine-Rosh /
|
/ 2) Germain-Olive-Oil of Towns of Gerar /
|
/ Spain-/ Kar-tah / Ker-ioth / Kir-Qatar / Kor-ah / Kurd-ish /-Ukraine /
|
/ Jar of Carpenters - Bees of Bear / Tyrian / Oil / Craftsman / in the Carcass-Or-body of the lion, /
|
/ Sickle / of / Carpenter Bees / of / Tyre / Y Eye I / Tiras / of / Craftsman / of / Hammer /
|
___________________________of___________________________
|
War Between Chittim son of Javan of Japheth
is
Latinus
and
Afr-ic-a son of Bela of Edom
is
Anibal the son of Angeas
_____________________________
/ Janeas King of Chittim Dies and Buiried in the plain of Canopia and Latinus reigned in his place /
and
Latinus goes to war with Azdrubal king of Africa the son of Angeas/Bela
and
Defeated Azdrubal and Latinus took Janiah the daughter of Uzi for a wife
and
Latinus took Ushpezena the daughter of Azdrubal for a wife,
and
Anibal the son of Angeas, the younger brother of Azdrubal, and made him king instead at his brother over the whole land at Africa.
and
Anibal returns to Chittim son of Javan and defeats Latinus
_________________________
Book of Jasher,
Chapter 74
11 And Latinus prevailed over Azdrubal, and Latinus took from Azdrubal the aqueduct which his father had brought from the children of Chittim, when he took Janiah the daughter of Uzi for a wife, so Latinus overthrew the bridge of the aqueduct, and smote the whole army of Azdrubal a severe blow.
Chapter 74
11 And Latinus prevailed over Azdrubal, and Latinus took from Azdrubal the aqueduct which his father had brought from the children of Chittim, when he took Janiah the daughter of Uzi for a wife, so Latinus overthrew the bridge of the aqueduct, and smote the whole army of Azdrubal a severe blow.
Az- / Azdrubal / Tubal / Anibal / -Ani / ni- /
|
/ Ahimelech / Ahi- / Ahi-tub / Tub- / -al / Tubal-Cain / Tu-bal / Abi-tub / Abi- / Abi-melech /
|
[ Judgment on Wicked -Counselors ]
|
/ Johanan the son of Kareah /
|
/ Jaazaniah son of Shaphan the son of Azaliah, son of Meshullam, the secretary /
|
/ Jaazaniah son of the Maccathite. /
|
/ Jaazaniah the son of Azzur, and Pelatiah the son of Benaiah, princes of the people. /
|
/ Meshullam son of Shephatiah / son of Mattan -The Priest of Baal /
|
/ Ber-ber / Moores / of / Boer / of / Iberiah / of / Bera / of / Eber / are / Bar-b-arians /
|
/ Galatia / or / Gala-cia / or / Gall-aic / Ga-eli-c / of / Gallim / city of Dan / of Bashan /
|
/ Berber Moors / of / Sardunia / of / Bar-Riot / of / Turnus / of / Râsû’ĕjâ of Rajasthan /
|
/ Great Ones / of / Assyria / Y-Eye-I / Assir / of / Pas-dammim /
|
/ Ahimelech / Ahi- / Ahi-tub / Tub- / -al / Tubal-Cain / Tu-bal / Abi-tub / Abi- / Abi-melech /
|
_________________________of_________________________
|
/ Judah is like all the other Nations /
|
/ Elisheba/Elizabeth /
|
/ Roman / Solomon and Sheba / Ottoman /
|
/ Amalekites of Hur of Korahites / of / Ben-Jamin-nite / of / Sheba / of / Persians / of / Joktan /
|
_________________of_________________
|
/ Ramathite / are / H-ama-thites / of / Canaan /
|
/ A Goat Who is ? of Ram Who is ? of Alemann-ic Who is ? of Arama-ic Who is ? of Arab-ic /
|
/ Kesed son of Dumah / of / Eli- / Eloi / Eli- / of / Kezem son of Kedar /
|
/ Ahimelech / Ahi- / Ahi-tub / Tub- / -al / Tubal-Cain / Tu-bal / Abi-tub / Abi- / Abi-melech /
|
/ Azdrubal and Anibal /
|
/ Abdon son of Hillel the Pirathonite /
|
/ Their Elders /
|
/ Ur / of / Persian / in / Balkan Region /
|
____________________of____________________
|
/ Heresies / of / Pharisees /
|
/ Pantheon / Eunuchs / of / Concubine / of / Babylon / of / Thebes /
|
/ Lachish / of / Gachash /
|
/ Of Accad / Ur of Chaldeans / Ur- of Syrians from Kir ? / and Kish /
|
/ Bela of / Asshur / of / Zoar /
|
/ Ach-ir-am /
|
/ Hellenist of Alexandria /
|
/ Fathers' House /
|
/ Ludim /
|
/ Sarah / Iscah / of / Haran / of / Assir / of / Assyria /
|
/ Sar-ai / Sar-ah / Lud /
|
/ Lydia / of / Lydda / of / Lud /
|
/ Sihon the king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon /
|
/ Ge-men / of / Mardon / of / Ahi-lud / Sarai-Lud / Ludim /
|
/ Korah's Rebellion /
|
[ Judgment on Wicked -Counselors ]
|
/ Johanan the son of Kareah /
|
/ Jaazaniah son of Shaphan the son of Azaliah, son of Meshullam, the secretary /
|
/ Jaazaniah son of the Maccathite. /
|
/ Jaazaniah the son of Azzur, and Pelatiah the son of Benaiah, princes of the people. /
|
/ Meshullam son of Shephatiah / son of Mattan -The Priest of Baal /
|
/ Johanan the son of Kareah /
|
/ Korah's Rebellion / Moab Rebelled (Kir-hareseth) / Rebellion of Sheba /
|
/ Chaldeans / Aramean / Judeans / H-a-e-smonean / Sabeans /
|
/ The Hasmonean Dynasty of / Maacah / Maccabees / Bees / of / Alphaeus / of / Janiah /
|
/ Ptolema-ic / of / Publius / of / Syracuse,/ Sicily / of / Silesia / of / Cilicia / of / Seleu-cia /
|
/ The Rage of Sage of Hillel /
|
/ Abi-ram son of Eliab / and / Eliab son of Jesse /
|
/ Abi-ram son of Hiel /
and
/ Ira the Jairite / Jair son of Segub son of Hiel /
|
/ Ar-abi-c /
|
/ Haz / Hazor-Hazar /
|
/ Aryan / Y Eye I / Ar-ri-an /
|
/ Huram-abi / Abi-Abbey-Ram / of / Abi-ram / of / Geneva / of / Golgotha /
|
/ Har- / Haruz of Jotbah / Uz /
|
/ Shimei the son of Gera, the Benjaminite from Bahurim /
|
/ Villages / and / Towns /
|
/ Kamon / Adam, the city / Adami-nekeb /
|
/ Ben-Hur / Huram /--Ram--/ Harum / Ur /
|
/ Bahurim / Baharum /
|
/ Huram-abi / Huram-abi /
Inscriptions of Burna-Buriash II of the Kassite dynasty of Babylon and Hammurabi of the First Babylonian Dynasty were also found.
___________________________________________________________________________
ru- / Jerusalem / Arumah / Araunah / Arubboth / Jerushah / Jerubbesheth / Jerubbaal / Zerubbabel
|
/ Ahimelech / Ahi- / Ahi-tub / Tub- / -al / Tubal-Cain / Tu-bal / Abi-tub / Abi- / Abi-melech /
|
__________________of__________________
|
/ Ulai canal / Canals of Codex of Annals of Tus-cana-n / of / Chebar Canal /
|
/ Segub / of / Serug to Seraiah / of / Serpent / of / Bronze Serpent / of / Serug /
|
/ Abi-Lot of Madai-Maine-Magog of Sy-Nod / of / Sardis / of / Gog / of / Synagogue / of Satan /
|
/ Iberiah / of / Ge-rmany / Y-Eye-I / Ger-Mani-ic / of / Iberiah /
|
/ The Great / Wound / That IS / Did Not Heal with A Bandage / of / Sons of Bani /
|
/ Azubah / of / Assassin / of / Nazareth / Na-zar-ene / Nazirite / of / Ichabod /
|
/ Five Golden Tumors and Five Golden Mice /
|
/ The Princes of Zadok -the priest / of Nobles who Arrived in Geneva of Munich are Eunuchs /
|
/ Azarel - Dan/Moab / of / The Leech / of / Lod and Ono / of / Zech-ariah / of Buk-ki son of Jogli /
|
/ The Tur-Kish - Key of / lord - Chamberlain / of / A-big-dor / Sy-Nob / of / Abi-Lot / of / Jetur /
|
/ Elishaphat / and / Amasiah son of / Zichri / were the sons of Jeroham / of Gedor /
|
/ Potters / of / Elkanah / of / Jeroham of Gedor / of / Eliel the Mahavite / of Pashhur of Immer /
|
/ Has- / Hes- / His-Disciples-Transgression of House of Jacob / Hos- / Hus /
|
/ The Sect / of / Samaritans / of / Cup and Ball -Trick-sters / of / The Servant / of / The Box
|
/ Shrines / of Bronze Serpent / of / Ir-Ron and Clay - Potters / In The Field of Jaar of / Atemis /
|
/ Bee - Koz / of / Tabor-ites / of / A Rose / of / Sharon / of / A Stench / of / Carmel / of / Quran /
|
/ Amalekite / Breeders of Antioch / Who ?-Has- / Massah / of / Aram son of Kemuel / of / Box /
|
/ Amalekites of Hur of Korahites / of / Ben-Jamin-nite / of / Sheba / of / Persians / of / Joktan /
|
/ The Hasmonean Dynasty of / Maacah / Maccabees / Bees / of / Alphaeus / of / Janiah /
___________________________________________________________________________
| | | | |
_____|_______________|_______________|_________________|_______________|____
/ Hannah / Peninnah /
The Barcid family was a notable family in the ancient city of Carthage; many of its members were fierce enemies of the Roman Republic. "Barcid" is an adjectival form coined by historians (cf. "Ramesside" and "Abbasid"); the actual byname was Barca or Barcas, which means lightning. See ברק Baraq in Canaanite and Hebrew, برق, barq in Arabic, and similar words in other Semitic languages.
__________________________________
/ Carites / Cart-hag-inian /
|
/ Unic wars / of / Putiel /
|
/ Africa /
Hannibal Barca, son of Hamilcar Barca,[n 1] (247 – 183/182/181 BC)[n 2] was a Punic Carthaginian military commander, generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. His father, Hamilcar Barca, was the leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War, his younger brothers were Mago and Hasdrubal, and he was brother-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair.
The Carthaginian Republic, also known as the Carthaginian Empire (alternatively "Carthaginian hegemony", or simply "Carthage") was the Phoenician city-state of Carthage and its sphere of influence, which included much of the coast of North Africa as well as substantial parts of coastal Iberia and the islands of the western Mediterranean during the 7th to 3rd centuries BC.[1]
The city, called Qart-ḥadašt (New City)[2] in the Phoenician language, was founded in 814 BC.[3][4] A dependency of the Phoenician state of Tyre at the time, Carthage gained independence around 650 BC and established its political hegemony over other Phoenician settlements throughout the western Mediterranean, this lasting until the end of the 3rd century BC. At the height of the city's prominence, it was a major hub of trade with trading stations extending throughout the region.
For much of its history, Carthage was on hostile terms with the Greeks on Sicily and the Roman Republic, leading to a series of armed conflicts known as the Greek-Punic Wars and Punic Wars. The city also had to deal with the potentially hostile Berbers,[5] the indigenous inhabitants of the area where Carthage was built. In 146 BC, after thethird and final Punic War, Carthage was destroyed and then occupied by Roman forces.[6] Nearly all of the other Phoenician city-states and former Carthaginian dependencies subsequently fell into Roman hands.
Extent of Phoenician settlement[edit]The Phoenicians established numerous colonial cities along the coasts of the Mediterranean[7] in order to provide safe harbors for their merchant fleets,[8] to maintain a Phoenician monopoly on an area's natural resources, and to conduct trade free of outside interference.[9] They were also motivated to found these cities by a desire to satisfy the demand for trade goods or to escape the necessity of paying tribute[10] to the succession of empires that ruled Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos, and by fear of complete Greek colonization of that part of the Mediterranean suitable for commerce.[11] The Phoenicians lacked the population or necessity to establish large self-sustaining cities abroad, and most of their colonial cities had fewer than 1,000 inhabitants, but Carthage and a few others developed larger populations.[12]
Carthaginian control[edit]
Although Strabo's claim that the Tyrians founded three hundred colonies along the west African coast is clearly exaggerated, colonies were established in Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Iberia,[13] and to a much lesser extent, on the arid coast of Libya. The Phoenicians were active in Cyprus, Sardinia, Corsica, the Balearic Islands,Crete, and Sicily, as well as on the European mainland at present-day Genoa in Italy and Marseille in present-day France.[14] The settlements at Crete and Sicily were in perpetual conflict with the Greeks,[15] but the Phoenicians managed to control all of Sicily for a limited time. The entire area later came under the leadership and protection of Carthage,[16] which in turn dispatched its own colonists to found new cities[17] or to reinforce those that declined with the loss of primacy of Tyre andSidon.
The first colonies were settled on the two paths to Iberia's mineral wealth — along the North African coast and on Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands.[18] The centre of the Phoenician world was Tyre,[19] which served as its economic and political hub. The power of this city waned following numerous sieges byBabylonia,[20][21] and then its later voluntary submission to the Persian king Cambyses and incorporation within the Persian empire.[22] Supremacy passed to Sidon, and then to Carthage,[23] before Tyre's eventual destruction by Alexander the Great in 332 BC.[24] Each colony paid tribute to either Tyre or Sidon, but neither city had actual control of the colonies. This changed with the rise of Carthage, since the Carthaginians appointed their own magistrates to rule the towns and Carthage retained much direct control over the colonies.[25] This policy resulted in a number of Iberian towns siding with the Romans during the Punic Wars.
__________________________________
/ Roman / Mecedonia / Seleucia / Iberia / Turnus /
Hannibal lived during a period of great tension in the Mediterranean, when the Roman Republic established its supremacy over other great powers such as Carthage and the Hellenistic kingdoms of Macedon, Syracuse, and the Seleucid Empire. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, when he marched an army, which included elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into Italy. In his first few years in Italy, he won three dramatic victories--Trebia, Trasimene, and Cannae, in which he distinguished himself for his ability to determine his and his opponent's strengths and weaknesses, and to play the battle to his strengths and the enemy's weaknesses—and won over many allies of Rome. Hannibal occupied much of Italy for 15 years, but a Roman counter-invasion of North Africa forced him to return to Carthage, where he was decisively defeated by Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama. Scipio had studied Hannibal's tactics and brilliantly devised some of his own, and finally defeated Rome's nemesis at Zama, having previously driven Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother, out of the Iberian Peninsula.
____________________________________
/ Antioch / Arama-ic / Bithynia / Pergamon /
After the war, Hannibal successfully ran for the office of suffete. He enacted political and financial reforms to enable the payment of the war indemnity imposed by Rome; however, Hannibal's reforms were unpopular with members of the Carthaginian aristocracy and in Rome, and he fled into voluntary exile. During this time, he lived at the Seleucid court, where he acted as military advisor to Antiochus III in his war against Rome. After Antiochus met defeat at the Battle of Magnesia and was forced to accept Rome's terms, Hannibal fled again, making a stop in Armenia. His flight ended in the court of Bithynia, where he achieved an outstanding naval victory against a fleet from Pergamon. He was afterwards betrayed to the Romans and committed suicide by poisoning himself.
_________________
/ Julius Caesar /
Often regarded as one of the greatest military strategists in history, Hannibal would later be considered one of the greatest generals of antiquity, together with Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Scipio, and Pyrrhus of Epirus. Plutarch states that, when questioned by Scipio as to who was the greatest general, Hannibal is said to have replied either Alexander or Pyrrhus, then himself,[6] or, according to another version of the event, Pyrrhus, Scipio, then himself.[7] Military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge once famously called Hannibal the "father of strategy",[8] because his greatest enemy, Rome, came to adopt elements of his military tactics in its own strategic arsenal. This praise has earned him a strong reputation in the modern world, and he was regarded as a great strategist by men like Napoleon Bonaparte.
_________________________________________________________
/ Ptolemy /
_________________________________________________________________
| |
/ Hannah / Peninnah /
The Barcid family was a notable family in the ancient city of Carthage; many of its members were fierce enemies of the Roman Republic. "Barcid" is an adjectival form coined by historians (cf. "Ramesside" and "Abbasid"); the actual byname was Barca or Barcas, which means lightning. See ברק Baraq in Canaanite and Hebrew, برق, barq in Arabic, and similar words in other Semitic languages.
__________________________________
/ Carites / Cart-hag-inian /
|
/ Unic wars / of / Putiel /
|
/ Africa /
Hannibal Barca, son of Hamilcar Barca,[n 1] (247 – 183/182/181 BC)[n 2] was a Punic Carthaginian military commander, generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. His father, Hamilcar Barca, was the leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War, his younger brothers were Mago and Hasdrubal, and he was brother-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair.
The Carthaginian Republic, also known as the Carthaginian Empire (alternatively "Carthaginian hegemony", or simply "Carthage") was the Phoenician city-state of Carthage and its sphere of influence, which included much of the coast of North Africa as well as substantial parts of coastal Iberia and the islands of the western Mediterranean during the 7th to 3rd centuries BC.[1]
The city, called Qart-ḥadašt (New City)[2] in the Phoenician language, was founded in 814 BC.[3][4] A dependency of the Phoenician state of Tyre at the time, Carthage gained independence around 650 BC and established its political hegemony over other Phoenician settlements throughout the western Mediterranean, this lasting until the end of the 3rd century BC. At the height of the city's prominence, it was a major hub of trade with trading stations extending throughout the region.
For much of its history, Carthage was on hostile terms with the Greeks on Sicily and the Roman Republic, leading to a series of armed conflicts known as the Greek-Punic Wars and Punic Wars. The city also had to deal with the potentially hostile Berbers,[5] the indigenous inhabitants of the area where Carthage was built. In 146 BC, after thethird and final Punic War, Carthage was destroyed and then occupied by Roman forces.[6] Nearly all of the other Phoenician city-states and former Carthaginian dependencies subsequently fell into Roman hands.
Extent of Phoenician settlement[edit]The Phoenicians established numerous colonial cities along the coasts of the Mediterranean[7] in order to provide safe harbors for their merchant fleets,[8] to maintain a Phoenician monopoly on an area's natural resources, and to conduct trade free of outside interference.[9] They were also motivated to found these cities by a desire to satisfy the demand for trade goods or to escape the necessity of paying tribute[10] to the succession of empires that ruled Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos, and by fear of complete Greek colonization of that part of the Mediterranean suitable for commerce.[11] The Phoenicians lacked the population or necessity to establish large self-sustaining cities abroad, and most of their colonial cities had fewer than 1,000 inhabitants, but Carthage and a few others developed larger populations.[12]
Carthaginian control[edit]
Although Strabo's claim that the Tyrians founded three hundred colonies along the west African coast is clearly exaggerated, colonies were established in Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Iberia,[13] and to a much lesser extent, on the arid coast of Libya. The Phoenicians were active in Cyprus, Sardinia, Corsica, the Balearic Islands,Crete, and Sicily, as well as on the European mainland at present-day Genoa in Italy and Marseille in present-day France.[14] The settlements at Crete and Sicily were in perpetual conflict with the Greeks,[15] but the Phoenicians managed to control all of Sicily for a limited time. The entire area later came under the leadership and protection of Carthage,[16] which in turn dispatched its own colonists to found new cities[17] or to reinforce those that declined with the loss of primacy of Tyre andSidon.
The first colonies were settled on the two paths to Iberia's mineral wealth — along the North African coast and on Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands.[18] The centre of the Phoenician world was Tyre,[19] which served as its economic and political hub. The power of this city waned following numerous sieges byBabylonia,[20][21] and then its later voluntary submission to the Persian king Cambyses and incorporation within the Persian empire.[22] Supremacy passed to Sidon, and then to Carthage,[23] before Tyre's eventual destruction by Alexander the Great in 332 BC.[24] Each colony paid tribute to either Tyre or Sidon, but neither city had actual control of the colonies. This changed with the rise of Carthage, since the Carthaginians appointed their own magistrates to rule the towns and Carthage retained much direct control over the colonies.[25] This policy resulted in a number of Iberian towns siding with the Romans during the Punic Wars.
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/ Roman / Mecedonia / Seleucia / Iberia / Turnus /
Hannibal lived during a period of great tension in the Mediterranean, when the Roman Republic established its supremacy over other great powers such as Carthage and the Hellenistic kingdoms of Macedon, Syracuse, and the Seleucid Empire. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, when he marched an army, which included elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into Italy. In his first few years in Italy, he won three dramatic victories--Trebia, Trasimene, and Cannae, in which he distinguished himself for his ability to determine his and his opponent's strengths and weaknesses, and to play the battle to his strengths and the enemy's weaknesses—and won over many allies of Rome. Hannibal occupied much of Italy for 15 years, but a Roman counter-invasion of North Africa forced him to return to Carthage, where he was decisively defeated by Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama. Scipio had studied Hannibal's tactics and brilliantly devised some of his own, and finally defeated Rome's nemesis at Zama, having previously driven Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother, out of the Iberian Peninsula.
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/ Antioch / Arama-ic / Bithynia / Pergamon /
After the war, Hannibal successfully ran for the office of suffete. He enacted political and financial reforms to enable the payment of the war indemnity imposed by Rome; however, Hannibal's reforms were unpopular with members of the Carthaginian aristocracy and in Rome, and he fled into voluntary exile. During this time, he lived at the Seleucid court, where he acted as military advisor to Antiochus III in his war against Rome. After Antiochus met defeat at the Battle of Magnesia and was forced to accept Rome's terms, Hannibal fled again, making a stop in Armenia. His flight ended in the court of Bithynia, where he achieved an outstanding naval victory against a fleet from Pergamon. He was afterwards betrayed to the Romans and committed suicide by poisoning himself.
_________________
/ Julius Caesar /
Often regarded as one of the greatest military strategists in history, Hannibal would later be considered one of the greatest generals of antiquity, together with Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Scipio, and Pyrrhus of Epirus. Plutarch states that, when questioned by Scipio as to who was the greatest general, Hannibal is said to have replied either Alexander or Pyrrhus, then himself,[6] or, according to another version of the event, Pyrrhus, Scipio, then himself.[7] Military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge once famously called Hannibal the "father of strategy",[8] because his greatest enemy, Rome, came to adopt elements of his military tactics in its own strategic arsenal. This praise has earned him a strong reputation in the modern world, and he was regarded as a great strategist by men like Napoleon Bonaparte.
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/ Ptolemy /
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| |
/ Mer- / -Aryan /
|
____|_______________________________________________________|_____
/ Chittim / Greek /
Naravas was a Berber and Numidian leader in the Mercenary War of the Carthaginian state. Naravas is the Greek form of Narbal or Naarbaal.
_________________
/ Italian / Africa / Libya /
The name Berber derives from the Latin barbarus.[8] A history by a Roman consul in Africa made the first reference of the term "barbarian" to describe Numidia.[9]The use of the term Berber spread in the period following the arrival of the Vandals during their major invasions. Muslim historians, some time after, also mentioned the Berbers.[clarification needed][10]
_______________
/ Cyrene /
Byzantine authors mention the Mazikes (Amazigh) as tribal people raiding the monasteries of Cyrenaica.
After the Muslim conquest, the Berber tribes of coastal North Africa became almost fully Islamized. Besides the Arabian influence, North African population also saw an influx via the Barbary Slave Trade of European peoples, with some estimates placing the number of European slaves brought to North Africa during the Ottoman period as high as 1.25 million.[32] Interactions with neighboring Sudanic empires, traders, and nomads from other parts of Africa also left impressions upon the Berber people.
________________
/ Al- / ge- / eri- / -ia /
|
/ Turnus / Algeria / of / Libya /
|
/ Gera /
|
/ Phoenicia / Ship / Merchants /
of
/ Africa /
Numidia (202 BC – 46 BC) was an Ancient Berber kingdom in what is now Algeria and a smaller part of Tunisia, in North Africa. Numidia was originally divided between Massylii in the east and Masaesyli in the west. During theSecond Punic War (218-201 BC), Massinissa, king of the Massylii, defeated Syphax of the Masaesyli to unify Numidia into one kingdom. The kingdom began as a sovereign state and later alternated between being a Roman provinceand being a Roman client state. It was bordered by the kingdoms of Mauretania (modern-day Morocco) to the west, the Roman province of Africa (modern-day Tunisia) to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the Sahara Desert to the south. It is considered to be the first major state in the history of Algeria and the Berber world.
_____________________________________________________________
| |
/ Chittim / Greek /
Naravas was a Berber and Numidian leader in the Mercenary War of the Carthaginian state. Naravas is the Greek form of Narbal or Naarbaal.
_________________
/ Italian / Africa / Libya /
The name Berber derives from the Latin barbarus.[8] A history by a Roman consul in Africa made the first reference of the term "barbarian" to describe Numidia.[9]The use of the term Berber spread in the period following the arrival of the Vandals during their major invasions. Muslim historians, some time after, also mentioned the Berbers.[clarification needed][10]
_______________
/ Cyrene /
Byzantine authors mention the Mazikes (Amazigh) as tribal people raiding the monasteries of Cyrenaica.
After the Muslim conquest, the Berber tribes of coastal North Africa became almost fully Islamized. Besides the Arabian influence, North African population also saw an influx via the Barbary Slave Trade of European peoples, with some estimates placing the number of European slaves brought to North Africa during the Ottoman period as high as 1.25 million.[32] Interactions with neighboring Sudanic empires, traders, and nomads from other parts of Africa also left impressions upon the Berber people.
________________
/ Al- / ge- / eri- / -ia /
|
/ Turnus / Algeria / of / Libya /
|
/ Gera /
|
/ Phoenicia / Ship / Merchants /
of
/ Africa /
Numidia (202 BC – 46 BC) was an Ancient Berber kingdom in what is now Algeria and a smaller part of Tunisia, in North Africa. Numidia was originally divided between Massylii in the east and Masaesyli in the west. During theSecond Punic War (218-201 BC), Massinissa, king of the Massylii, defeated Syphax of the Masaesyli to unify Numidia into one kingdom. The kingdom began as a sovereign state and later alternated between being a Roman provinceand being a Roman client state. It was bordered by the kingdoms of Mauretania (modern-day Morocco) to the west, the Roman province of Africa (modern-day Tunisia) to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the Sahara Desert to the south. It is considered to be the first major state in the history of Algeria and the Berber world.
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_|___________________________________________|__
/ Span-ish / Pantheon's / of / Gibeon /
|
/ His-Pan-ia / Ananiah / Sc-ip-io / Afr-ic-anus / Af-ri-canus
|
/ Ge-noa /
|
/ Azdrubal and Anibal /
/ Span-ish / Pantheon's / of / Gibeon /
|
/ His-Pan-ia / Ananiah / Sc-ip-io / Afr-ic-anus / Af-ri-canus
|
/ Ge-noa /
|
/ Azdrubal and Anibal /
____________________________
/ Balaam and Balak /
|
/ Intermarried /
|
/ Bela sons of Beor son of Janeas son of Balaam son's of Beor son of Laban /
|
/ Bela King of Africa name of the city is Dinhabah / (that is Zoar) /
and
/ Balak son of Zippor Kings of Moab / of / Zipporah /
at
/ Halak /
is
/ Eliezer son of Zipporah / of / Hobab the son of Reuel / of / Edom /
and
/ Eleazar son of Phinehas of Put-iel /
of
/ Mer-arian /
_____________________________
/ The Crown and The Temple /
|
/ Abbey / Y Eye I / Abi- /
of
/ Abi- / Abi-tub / Tub-al / Tubal-Cain / Tu-bal / Ahi-tub / Ahi- /
|
/ Phoenician / Ship / Merchants /
|
/ Pirates of the Caribean /
of
/ Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite /
|
/ The Sharonite / In villages / and / Towns / and / Cities / in the valleys /
|
/ Sha- / Har- / Beth-Horon / Horanaim / of / Seir /
|
/ Philistines from Caphtor / and / Syrians from Kir ? /
of
/ Sidonians / Tyre / Y Eye I / Tiras / of / Cush /
|
/ Gershom / of / Zipporah / of / Gomorrah / of / Gomer /
|
/ Jethro / of / Jetur /
/ Balaam and Balak /
|
/ Intermarried /
|
/ Bela sons of Beor son of Janeas son of Balaam son's of Beor son of Laban /
|
/ Bela King of Africa name of the city is Dinhabah / (that is Zoar) /
and
/ Balak son of Zippor Kings of Moab / of / Zipporah /
at
/ Halak /
is
/ Eliezer son of Zipporah / of / Hobab the son of Reuel / of / Edom /
and
/ Eleazar son of Phinehas of Put-iel /
of
/ Mer-arian /
_____________________________
/ The Crown and The Temple /
|
/ Abbey / Y Eye I / Abi- /
of
/ Abi- / Abi-tub / Tub-al / Tubal-Cain / Tu-bal / Ahi-tub / Ahi- /
|
/ Phoenician / Ship / Merchants /
|
/ Pirates of the Caribean /
of
/ Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite /
|
/ The Sharonite / In villages / and / Towns / and / Cities / in the valleys /
|
/ Sha- / Har- / Beth-Horon / Horanaim / of / Seir /
|
/ Philistines from Caphtor / and / Syrians from Kir ? /
of
/ Sidonians / Tyre / Y Eye I / Tiras / of / Cush /
|
/ Gershom / of / Zipporah / of / Gomorrah / of / Gomer /
|
/ Jethro / of / Jetur /