Vespasian
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/ Jesus -Curses the Fig - Tree /
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/ Michael / is / An Angel / Holding / The Key to the Bottomle-ss Pit / and / A Great Chain /
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____|________/ Who is ? of Ahlai / Who is ? of Bozrah / of / Who is ? of Zochar /_____|____
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/ "You Must Be Born Again" /
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/ Bee - Koz /
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/ The Men of Iconium /
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/ Our Father's Sinned / Who's Father Sin ? / Your First Father Sinned / Sin of Your Father of Sinai /
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/ Jonah the son of Amitta /
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/ Avvim / of / Adam / of / City of Adam / and Eve / of / Ninevah /
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/ Nic-olia-tan-s / of / Hoopoe, and the Bat / of / Hathath / Hathach / Hatched /
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/ Feather of Hen's of Og / of / Knessets / of / The Eagle of Saladin /
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/ Axe-Men / of Acts of Luke / of / Lukud of Likhi / Hatched / Under A Kamon /
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/ Beth -/ Twin-Gazelles that Grazes among the Lilies /- Baal /
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/ So you shall purge the evil from your midst /
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/ Up Root the Weeds of / Debauchery / of / Those Who -Despise ? /
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/ Humpty Dumpty / of / Anuki / of / Aztec -Incah--Micah / Hid Them Selves / Behind-America /
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/ Jesus -Curses the Fig - Tree /
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/ Michael / is / An Angel / Holding / The Key to the Bottomle-ss Pit / and / A Great Chain /
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____|________/ Who is ? of Ahlai / Who is ? of Bozrah / of / Who is ? of Zochar /_____|____
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/ "You Must Be Born Again" /
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/ Bee - Koz /
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/ The Men of Iconium /
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/ Our Father's Sinned / Who's Father Sin ? / Your First Father Sinned / Sin of Your Father of Sinai /
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/ Jonah the son of Amitta /
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/ Avvim / of / Adam / of / City of Adam / and Eve / of / Ninevah /
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/ Nic-olia-tan-s / of / Hoopoe, and the Bat / of / Hathath / Hathach / Hatched /
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/ Feather of Hen's of Og / of / Knessets / of / The Eagle of Saladin /
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/ Axe-Men / of Acts of Luke / of / Lukud of Likhi / Hatched / Under A Kamon /
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/ Beth -/ Twin-Gazelles that Grazes among the Lilies /- Baal /
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/ So you shall purge the evil from your midst /
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/ Up Root the Weeds of / Debauchery / of / Those Who -Despise ? /
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/ Humpty Dumpty / of / Anuki / of / Aztec -Incah--Micah / Hid Them Selves / Behind-America /
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/ 7th- / Vespasian / -Fl-Avi-an Dynasty / Who is ? of / Dinah /
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/ Dinah / Who is ? of The Owl Is the seed yet in the barn? Who is ? of The Couch / of / Shechem /
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/ The Potters / of / Nic-olia-tan-s / of / Hoopoe, and the Bat / of / Abo-Bor-Ri-Ig-In-Ese /= %27 /
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/ The Hasmonean Dynasty of / Maacah / Maccabees / Bees / of / Alphaeus / of / Janiah /
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/ Iberiah / of / Ge-rmany / Y-Eye-I / Ger-Mani-ic / of / Iberiah /
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/ Seen City / Seven / Sin City - Pledges / Set Up In Secret / Oaths - Sinew / Ewe / Flesh / Bones /
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/ First -(Five)- Roman Emperors /
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/ Augustan Cohort named / Julius / of / Assasins / of / 1st - Roman Emperor of a Tanner /
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/ Codex of Cyprus / of / Caesar Augustus / of / Julius / Claudius Dynasty /
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/ Tiberius Ceasar / 2nd -Emperor of the Roman Empire /
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/ Caligula -3rd -Roman Emperor /
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/ Claudius -Lysias / 4th Emperor of The Dynasty / the Roman Empire / the Tribune /
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/ Nero -5th Roman Emperor /- Shahar-aim / Sh-ahar / Ahar-ah son of Bela / Genealogy of Saul /
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/ Six / of / 6th-/ Year Four Roman Emperors / Galba / Otho / Vitellius / Vespasian /
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/ Seven / of / 7th- / Vespasian / -Fl-Avi-an Dynasty / Who is ? of / Dinah /
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/ The Three / of / Titus / of / The Three Age System of Historians / of / The End of Age of Luke /
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/ The Rome / of / Towel ?-Men / of / The Ottoman /
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/ Britannia and Kernania, the children of Elisha son of Javan /-Ese /
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/ Parthian /
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/ Ptolema-ic / of / Publius / of / Syracuse,/ Sicily / of / Silesia / of / Cilicia / of / Seleu-cia /
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/ Iberiah / of / Ge-rmany / Y-Eye-I / Ger-Mani-ic / of / Iberiah /
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/ Par-thians / Par-aguay / of / Per-u-ez / of / Pir-ai-tes / of / Por-or-tu-gal / of / Pur-Ur-Persia /
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/ Scythian / of / Accad / of / Amalekites / of / Medes / of / Parthian /
Nero (/ˈnɪəroʊ/; Latin: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus;[1] 15 December 37 – 9 June 68)[2] was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his grand-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and succeeded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death.
Nero focused much of his attention on diplomacy, trade and enhancing the cultural life of the Empire. He ordered theatres built and promoted athletic games. During his reign, the redoubtable general Corbulo conducted a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire. His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a revolt in Britain. Nero annexed the Bosporan Kingdom to the Empire and began the First Roman–Jewish War.
In 64 AD, most of Rome was destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome, which many Romans believed Nero himself had started in order to clear land for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea. In 68, the rebellion of Vindex in Gaul and later the acclamation of Galba in Hispania drove Nero from the throne. Facing a false report of being denounced as a public enemy who was to be executed, he committed suicide on 9 June 68 (the first Roman emperor to do so).[3]His death ended the Julio-Claudian Dynasty, sparking a brief period of civil wars known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Nero's rule is often associated with tyranny and extravagance.[4] He is known for many executions, including that of his mother,[5] and the probable murder by poison of his stepbrother Britannicus.
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Preceded by
Julio-Claudian dynasty
Followed by
Flavian dynasty
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/ Bat- / Avi / Rebellion /
/ Galatia / Judea / Alexandria / Syria / Rhine /
/ Golgotha /
The outbreak of the Batavian rebellion.
The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior (S. Netherlands/North Rhineland) between AD 69 and 70.
It was an uprising against the Roman Empirestarted by the Batavi, a small but militarily powerful Germanic tribe that inhabited the delta of the riverRhine; and soon joined by some neighbouring Germanic tribes, from both inside and outside the empire's borders, and also by some Celtic tribes from Gallia Belgica.
In 66 AD, Vespasian was appointed to suppress the Jewish revolt underway in Judea. The fighting there had killed the previous governor and routed Cestius Gallus, the governor of Syria, when he tried to restore order. Two legions, with eight cavalry squadrons and ten auxiliary cohorts, were therefore dispatched under the command of Vespasian while his elder son, Titus, arrived from Alexandria with another.
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/ Kartah / Qatar- / Arabah / Atar / and Bahurim /
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/ Britannia / Ja-karta / Indonesia / India /
With the development of modern Dutch national consciousness since the 16th Century, the Dutch tended to identity the ancient Batavians as their forbears, as manifested for example in the name of the Batavian Republic established under auspices of the French Revolution and in the name of Batavia (now Jakarta) given to the capital of Dutch East Indies. Hence, leaders of the Revolt of the Batavi were given the status of Dutch National Heroes and their revolt against Roman rule regarded as a precursor of the 16th Century Dutch revolt against Spanish rule. The painting by Rembrandt appearing the top of this page is part of that view of the Revolt of the Batavi.
Jakarta /dʒəˈkɑrtə/,[note 1] officially known as the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia, and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.
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/ 6th-/ Year Four Roman Emperors / Galba / Otho / Vitellius / Vespasian /
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/ 7th- / Vespasian / -Flavian Dynasty /
Vespasian (/vɛsˈpeɪʒiən, vɛsˈpeɪziən/; Latin: Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus;[note 1] 17 November 9 – 23 June 79[1]) was Roman Emperor from AD 69 to AD 79. Vespasian founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empire for twenty seven years. Vespasian was from an equestrian family that rose into the senatorial rank under the Julio–Claudian emperors. Although he fulfilled the standard succession of public offices, and held the consulship in AD 51, Vespasian's renown came from his military success: he waslegate of Legio II Augusta during the Roman invasion of Britain in 43[2]
and subjugated Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of 66.[3]
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While Vespasian besieged Jerusalem during the Jewish rebellion, emperor Nero committed suicide and plunged Rome into a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After Galba and Othoperished in quick succession, Vitellius became the third emperor in April 69. The Roman legions of Roman Egypt and Judaea reacted by declaring Vespasian, their commander, emperor on 1 July 69.[4] In his bid for imperial power, Vespasian joined forces with Mucianus, the governor of Syria, and Primus, a general inPannonia, leaving his son Titus to command the besieging forces at Jerusalem. Primus and Mucianus led the Flavian forces against Vitellius, while Vespasian took control of Egypt. On 20 December 69, Vitellius was defeated, and the following day Vespasian was declared Emperor by the Roman Senate. Vespasian dated his tribunician years from 1 July, substituting the acts of Rome's senate and people as the legal basis for his appointment with the declaration of his legions, and transforming his legions into an electoral college.[5]
Little information survives about the government during Vespasian's ten-year rule. He reformed the financial system at Rome after the campaign against Judaea ended successfully, and initiated several ambitious construction projects. He built the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known today as the Roman Colosseum. In reaction to the events of 68–69, Vespasian forced through an improvement in army discipline. Through his general Agricola, Vespasian increased imperial expansion in Britain. After his death in 79, he was succeeded by his eldest son Titus, thus becoming the first Roman Emperor to be directly succeeded by his own natural son[note 2] and establishing the Flavian dynasty.
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Family
Vespasian was born in a village north-east of Rome called Falacrinae.[6] His family was relatively undistinguished and lacking in pedigree. His paternal grandfather, Titus Flavius Petro, became the first to distinguish himself, rising to the rank of centurion and fighting at Pharsalus for Pompey in 48 BC. Subsequently he became a debt collector.[7]
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Petro's son, Titus Flavius Sabinus, worked as a customs official in the province of Asia and became a money-lender on a small scale among the Helvetii. He gained a reputation as a scrupulous and honest "tax-farmer". Sabinus married up in status, to Vespasia Polla, whose father had risen to the rank of prefect of the camp and whose brother became a Senator.[7]
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/ Crete / Balkan Region / Cyrene /
Sabinus and Vespasia had three children, the eldest of whom, a girl, died in infancy. The elder boy, Titus Flavius Sabinus entered public life and pursued the cursus honorum. He served in the army as a military tribune in Thrace in 36. The following year he was elected quaestor and served in Crete and Cyrene. He rose through the ranks of Roman public office, being elected aedile on his second attempt in 39 and praetor on his first attempt in 40, taking the opportunity to ingratiate himself with the Emperor Caligula.[7]
The younger boy, Vespasian, seemed far less likely to be successful, initially not wishing to pursue high public office. He followed in his brother's footsteps when driven to it by his mother's taunting.[7] During this period he married Flavia Domitilla, the daughter of Flavius Liberalis from Ferentium and formerly the mistress of Statilius Capella, a Roman equestrian from Sabrata in Africa.[8]
/ Titus /
They had two sons, Titus Flavius Vespasianus (born 41) and Titus Flavius Domitianus (born 51), and a daughter, Domitilla (born 39). His wife Domitilla and his daughter Domitilla both died before Vespasian became Emperor in 69. After the death of his wife, Vespasian's longstanding mistress, Antonia Caenis, became his wife in all but formal status, a relationship that survived until she died in 75.[7]
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/ The Matter / of / The Kings - Assassins / In The Garden / of / The Cos-t / of / The Polish Politics /
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/ The Three / of / Ichabod / of / Zel-icah the wife of Potiphar / Officer of the Pharoah /
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/ The Leviathan / of / The Palestine / of / The Philistia? /
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/ The Sect / of / Samaritans / of / Cup and Ball -Trick-sters / of / The Servant / of / The Box /
Titus Flavius Josephus (/dʒoʊˈsiːfəs/;[2] 37 – c. 100),[3] born Yosef ben Matityahu (Hebrew: יוסף בן מתתיהו; Greek: Ἰώσηπος Ματθίου παῖς),[4][5][6] was a first-century Romano-Jewish historian who was born in Jerusalem—then part of Roman Judea—to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed royal ancestry.
He initially fought against the Romans during the First Jewish–Roman War as head of Jewish forces in Galilee, until surrendering in 67 CE to Roman forces led by Vespasian after the six-week siege of Jotapata. Josephus claimed the Jewish Messianic prophecies that initiated the First Jewish–Roman War made reference to Vespasian becoming Emperor of Rome. In response Vespasian decided to keep Josephus as a slave and presumably interpreter. After Vespasian became Emperor in 69 CE, he granted Josephus his freedom, at which time Josephus assumed the emperor's family name of Flavius.[7]
Flavius Josephus fully defected to the Roman side and was granted Roman citizenship. He became an advisor and friend of Vespasian's son Titus, serving as his translator when Titus led the Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Since the siege proved ineffective at stopping the Jewish revolt, the city's destruction and the looting and destruction of Herod's Temple (Second Temple) soon followed.
Josephus recorded Jewish history, with special emphasis on the first century CE and the First Jewish–Roman War (66–70 CE),[8] including the Siege of Masada. His most important works were The Jewish War (c. 75) and Antiquities of the Jews (c. 94).[9] The Jewish War recounts the Jewish revolt against Roman occupation. Antiquities of the Jews recounts the history of the world from a Jewish perspective for an ostensibly Greek and Roman audience. These works provide valuable insight into first century Judaism and the background of Early Christianity,[9] although not specifically mentioned by Josephus. Josephus' works are the chief source next to the Bible for the history and antiquity of ancient Palestine.[10]
He initially fought against the Romans during the First Jewish–Roman War as head of Jewish forces in Galilee, until surrendering in 67 CE to Roman forces led by Vespasian after the six-week siege of Jotapata. Josephus claimed the Jewish Messianic prophecies that initiated the First Jewish–Roman War made reference to Vespasian becoming Emperor of Rome. In response Vespasian decided to keep Josephus as a slave and presumably interpreter. After Vespasian became Emperor in 69 CE, he granted Josephus his freedom, at which time Josephus assumed the emperor's family name of Flavius.[7]
Flavius Josephus fully defected to the Roman side and was granted Roman citizenship. He became an advisor and friend of Vespasian's son Titus, serving as his translator when Titus led the Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Since the siege proved ineffective at stopping the Jewish revolt, the city's destruction and the looting and destruction of Herod's Temple (Second Temple) soon followed.
Josephus recorded Jewish history, with special emphasis on the first century CE and the First Jewish–Roman War (66–70 CE),[8] including the Siege of Masada. His most important works were The Jewish War (c. 75) and Antiquities of the Jews (c. 94).[9] The Jewish War recounts the Jewish revolt against Roman occupation. Antiquities of the Jews recounts the history of the world from a Jewish perspective for an ostensibly Greek and Roman audience. These works provide valuable insight into first century Judaism and the background of Early Christianity,[9] although not specifically mentioned by Josephus. Josephus' works are the chief source next to the Bible for the history and antiquity of ancient Palestine.[10]