Parthians / Partridge
______________________________
/ Jesus -Curses the Fig - Tree /
|
/ Michael / is / An Angel / Holding / The Key to the Bottomle-ss Pit / and / A Great Chain /
|
____|________/ Who is ? of Ahlai / Who is ? of Bozrah / of / Who is ? of Zochar /_____|____
|
/ "You Must Be Born Again" /
|
/ Bee - Koz /
|
/ The Men of Iconium /
|
/ Our Father's Sinned / Who's Father Sin ? / Your First Father Sinned / Sin of Your Father of Sinai /
|
/ Jonah the son of Amitta /
|
/ Avvim / of / Adam / of / City of Adam / and Eve / of / Ninevah /
|
/ Nic-olia-tan-s / of / Hoopoe, and the Bat / of / Hathath / Hathach / Hatched /
|
/ Feather of Hen's of Og / of / Knessets / of / The Eagle of Saladin /
|
/ Axe-Men / of Acts of Luke / of / Lukud of Likhi / Hatched / Under A Kamon /
|
/ Beth -/ Twin-Gazelles that Grazes among the Lilies /- Baal /
|
/ So you shall purge the evil from your midst /
|
/ Up Root the Weeds of / Debauchery / of / Those Who -Despise ? /
|
/ Humpty Dumpty / of / Anuki / of / Aztec -Incah--Micah / Hid Them Selves / Behind-America /
|
_________of_________
|
______________________________
/ Jesus -Curses the Fig - Tree /
|
/ Michael / is / An Angel / Holding / The Key to the Bottomle-ss Pit / and / A Great Chain /
|
____|________/ Who is ? of Ahlai / Who is ? of Bozrah / of / Who is ? of Zochar /_____|____
|
/ "You Must Be Born Again" /
|
/ Bee - Koz /
|
/ The Men of Iconium /
|
/ Our Father's Sinned / Who's Father Sin ? / Your First Father Sinned / Sin of Your Father of Sinai /
|
/ Jonah the son of Amitta /
|
/ Avvim / of / Adam / of / City of Adam / and Eve / of / Ninevah /
|
/ Nic-olia-tan-s / of / Hoopoe, and the Bat / of / Hathath / Hathach / Hatched /
|
/ Feather of Hen's of Og / of / Knessets / of / The Eagle of Saladin /
|
/ Axe-Men / of Acts of Luke / of / Lukud of Likhi / Hatched / Under A Kamon /
|
/ Beth -/ Twin-Gazelles that Grazes among the Lilies /- Baal /
|
/ So you shall purge the evil from your midst /
|
/ Up Root the Weeds of / Debauchery / of / Those Who -Despise ? /
|
/ Humpty Dumpty / of / Anuki / of / Aztec -Incah--Micah / Hid Them Selves / Behind-America /
|
_________of_________
|
/ Par- Partridge that gathers its Brood / ONo-Partiality Is Not ? Parched Grain / Leopards / Blood /
|
/ Pardon of Ar-don of Mardon / Ardon / of / Nimrod / of / Mored / Moreh / Mob-lord-Cartel-Nob /
|
/ Aramean / of / Member / Body Parts / Remember / of / Arpachshad /
|
/ Shemuel / of / The Kurd-ish /-Ukraine / of / Partrige in a Pair -Trees / of / Despair / of / Eber /
|
/ Par-thians / Par-aguay / of / Per-u-ez / of / Pir-ai-tes / of / Por-or-tu-gal / of / Pur-Ur-Persia /
|
/ Hair / of / Lair ? / Lyre / Y Eye I / L-ir-e / 's ? / Liar / of / Jair /
|
/ That is / The Place of a Skull / That Throws Blood / Muslim / Crypto Jews from Asia /
|
/ Su-ur / Sur- Han- / Han- /
|
/ Greek / Amorica / Golgoth-ic / Sabeans / Persians /
|
/ Amalekites of Hur of Korahites / of / Ben-Jamin-nite / of / Sheba / of / Persians / of / Joktan /
|
/ Laban-ese / Phoen-ic-CIA / Crypto Jew-ish / MAphiah / Mob-lord-Cartel-Nob /
|
/ Cape Crusaders / of / Aumram / Grew Up -Tou - Gether / of / Up Together / of / Capernaum /
|
/ Get Up ! - Do You Get It ? - DODO of Dodonium /
|
/ Parthians / of / Osnappar / sons of Cain /
|
/ Great Ones / of / Assyria / Y-Eye-I / Assir / of / Pas-dammim /
|
/ Scythian / of / Atarah / of / Jarha / of / Jahdai / of / Jerah of Joktan / of / Shaharaim /
|
/ Carites of Carchemish of Kartah of / Bahrain / of Kernainia of Thebes / of / Bela /
|
/ "YOU ARE THE MAN" / of / The Number of the Man 666 / of / 666 / of / Andonikim 666 /
|
/ The Beautiful / daughter / of / The Rage of Sage of Hillel / of / The Mother-of-Pearl /
__________________________________________________________________________
| | |
/ Arabians of Ahasuerus /
|
/ Medes of Darius /
|
/ Messengers / Long Robes /
|
_______|___________________________|___________________________|______
/ Moores / of / Haggites / of / She-muel / of / The Fox is an Ox / of the Box / of / Mountain Men /
|
/ The Three / Twins of Thomas / " YOU ARE THE MAN "666" / of / Ewe / of / Jewel /
|
/ Azarel - Dan/Moab / of / The Leech / of / Lod and Ono / of / Zech-ariah / of Buk-ki son of Jogli /
|
/ Potters / of / Elkanah / of / Jeroham of Gedor / of / Eliel the Mahavite / of / Pashhur / of / Immer /
|
/ Box of The Singers of / Siloam / Pool / Tower / of / The Wheel of Elijah /
|
/ Has- / Hes- / His-Disciples-Transgression of House of Jacob / Hos- / Hus /
|
/ Janeas / of / India / of / Balak /
|
/ Ink / of / Missing (Link)-Ly-nx / of / Sink /
|
/ Those Who / Escaped / Exile / and / The Sack of Rome / Labored / In / Vain /
|
/ Gochi the / Baggage / of / Gold-man-smith / Sach- / Sackcloth / Clothing / Suit /
|
/ Handkerchief / of / Sachar / Shahar / Hararite / the Hararite /
|
/ The Hasmonean Dynasty of / Maacah / Maccabees / Bees / of / Alphaeus / of / Janiah /
|
/ Box / of / Certain- Men War of Beth-Shemesh / of / Gehazi / of / Areli / of / Felix /
|
/ Box / of / Five Golden Tumors and Five Golden Mice / In Those Days /
|
/ Axe-Men / of Acts of Luke / of / Lukud of Likhi / of / The Eagle of Saladin /
|
/ Lud's / Wise Men of Job /
|
/ Those Who / Escaped / Exile / and / the Sack of Rome / Labored / In / Vain /
|
/ Amalekites of Hur of Korahites / of / Ben-Jamin-nite / of / Sheba / of / Persians / of / Joktan /
|
/ Laban-ese / Phoen-ic-CIA / Crypto Jew-ish / MAphiah / Mob-lord-Cartel-Nob /
|
[Abomination in the Temple]
|
/ Midian / of / Trader / Dealer / Merchant / of / Passed By- / By- /
____________________________________________________________________
|1 |2 |3 |4 |5
/ Raise a Signal -Make a SignPost /- Blow and -Sound the Alarm /- and the Trumpets /
|
/ Oppose / and / Expose /
|
/ Japheth-/ Beth / of / Both of Them / of / Baal /-Shem /
|
/ Hellenist of Alexandria /
|
/ The House of Eli /
|
/ Philistines from Caphtor /--/ Phoenicians /--/ from / Syrians from Kir ? /
|
/ Pirates of the Caribean /
|
/ Abi-melech-Conspiracy" / Timber / and / Stones / of / "Gibeonite Desception" /
|
/ Their Elders /--Hanan--/ Head and Tail /
|
/ Called By Their Name /
|
/ The Potters of / Beyond the Euphates / Meso-pot-amia / of / Abel-miz-ra-aim / of / Ur /
|
/ Jar-Jarib / Jered-Jer-Jeribai / -Jir-Ji-had / Jor-Jo-dan / Judah-Jur-Judge /
|
/ Asher / of / Asshur /
|
/ Moses called / Hoshea / Joshua son of Nun /
|
/ Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite / of Jether /
|
/ Hebrew's / who / Intermarried / Hor-ites / at / Seir /
|
/ Joshua-/-Hoshea son of Elah son of Caleb the Kenizzite son of Jephunneh son of Jether /
|
/ Korah's Rebellion / Moab Rebelled (Kir-hareseth) / Rebellion of Sheba /
|
/ Hathath and Meonathai /
|
/ Othniel and Seraiah / of Kenaz /
|
/ Az-riel / of / Asriel /
|
/ Jeremoth / of / Jerimoth /
|
/ Helah / and / Naarah /
|
/ Jahdai / of / Seir the son of Hur /
|
/ Hushim and Baara /
|
/ Joram / of / Jeroham of Gedor / of / Eliel the Mahavite /
|
/ Joash / of / Jetur /
|
/ Gabriel -/ Two / Cherubim / of / Hammered / Gold /- Rephael /
|
/ Attai / son of / Jarah / Sheshan's Egyptian slave / of Ishi /
|
/ Seled and Appaim of / Nadab / of / Shammai / and Jada / of Onam / of Shobal /
|
/ Scythian / of / Atarah / of / Jarha / of / Jerah of Joktan / of / Shaharaim /
|
/ Jarah / son of / Ahaz son of Micah / son of / Merib-baal / son of / Jonathan /
|
/ Attai / of / Rehoboam's family / of / Maacah the daughter of Absalom /
|
/ Eloim, Eloim / of / Ahlai / of / Gibeath-elohim /
|
/ Called By Their Name /
|
/ Ono and Lod /
|
/ The Levant /
|
/ Zochar /
|
/ Balak / at / Mt. Halak / is / Mt. Meron / of / Balaam /
|
/ The Kenites / of / The Oak of Moreh / of Elon /
|
/ Palti the son of Laish who was of Gallim / the city Dan / of Bashan /
|
/ Hazor -/ Beth-Rehob /- Golan /
|
/ Pantheon / Eunuchs / of / Babylon / of Thebes /
|
/ Rabbi / Dayan / Judge /
|
/ Tanners / of / S-ham / of / Ararat /
|
/ Who Captured the Ark ? /
|
/ Walked / Backwards /-is-/ Abel /-is-/ Babel /-is-/ Talked - Backwards /
|
/ Naked /
|
__________of__________
|
/ Avvim / of / Royal / Royal Family / of / Edom /
|
_________of_________
|
[ The Lord's Day of Vengeance ]
______________________________________________________
/ Whale / Fat Ones / Belly of the Whale / Stomach / Belly /
|
/ Wail -Oak of Bashan - of Trees The Fall-Leaves of Canada / of / Cape Crusaders / for Healing /
|
/ Kenites / Oak / Amorites /
|
/ Ancient / Regem / of / Barzillai / the Gil-dead-ite from Rogelim / of / Gilak / of / Gilhon /
|
/ Their Elders /--Hanan--/ Head and Tail /
|
/ Potters / of / Elkanah / of / Jeroham of Gedor / of / Eliel the Mahavite / of Pashhur of Immer /
|
/ Philistines from Captor / Gibeonite Desception / Syrians from Kir ? /
|
/ Carites / of / Carmel / of / Merari / of / Mari / of / Mardon / of / Avvim /
|
/ Arnon / Heroes / of / Moab / of / Temen / of / Chusham /
|
/ Philistines from Caphtor /--/ Phoen-ic-CIA /--/ from / Syrians from Kir ? /
|
_______________of_______________
|
/ The People of Chesmosh /
|
/ Parthians /
|
/ The People of the Negeb including / Caleb and Cherethites / Harim / of Atharim /
|
/ Jerahmeelites / Kenites / Amelekites /
|
/ Hasshub the son of Pahath-moab /
|
/ The People Who Sealed the Covenant /
|
/ The Scribes /
|
/ A-Ram / Aramean / Ar-ama-ic / Manean / is a Goat /
|
/ Arab-ic /
|
/ House of Eli /
|
/ Took Judahite Wives /
|
____________________of____________________
|
/ Kings of Israel / Jacob /- Gibeon -/ Esau / Kings of Judah /
|
/ Ahimelech / Ahi- / Ahi-tub / Tub- / -al / Tubal-Cain / Tu-bal / Abi-tub / Abi- / Abi-melech /
|
/ Azdrubal-Anibal /
|
/ Gabriel / of / Emmanuel / of / Rephael /
|
/ Alemann-ic /
_______________________________________________________________
| | |
____|___________________________|___________________________|_____
/ Jehoshaphat the son of Paruah /
|
/ Elizaphan the son of Parnach / of Tapnach / Parosh / Parmenas /
|
/ Paran / Parah / Paruah / Mispar /
|
/ Par- / Partridge that gathers its Brood / ONo-Partiality / Parched Grain / Leopards /
|
/ Parthians / of Osnappar / sons of Cain /
|
______________of______________
|
/ The Tur-Kish - Key of / lord - Chamberlain / of / A-big-dor / Nob / of / Abi-Lot / of / Jetur /
|
/ Bezalel / of / Craftsman-Ga-latian-Merchants / of / Oholiab /
|
/ Galatia / or / Gala-cia / or / Gall-aic / Ga-eli-c / of / Gallim / city of Dan / of Bashan /
|
/ Dan / A Phoenican / Ship / Merchants / of / Argob of / Moab /
| |
/ A (Lion-Cub-Bear) who Leaps from Bashan /
|
/ Carites / of / Carmel / of / Merari / of / Kêsêd / of / Mari / of / Mardon / of / Avvim /
|
/ In those Days / Dan / Who Leaps ? / A Leopard / of / Barzillai the Gileadite / of / Bashan /
|
/ Pirates of the Caribean /
________________________________________
/ Jehoshaphat the son of Paruah /
|
/ Elizaphan the son of Parnach / of Tapnach / Parosh / Parmenas /
|
/ Paran / Parah / Paruah / Mispar /
|
/ Par- / Partridge that gathers its Brood / ONo-Partiality / Parched Grain / Leopards /
|
/ Parthians / of Osnappar / sons of Cain /
|
______________of______________
|
/ The Tur-Kish - Key of / lord - Chamberlain / of / A-big-dor / Nob / of / Abi-Lot / of / Jetur /
|
/ Bezalel / of / Craftsman-Ga-latian-Merchants / of / Oholiab /
|
/ Galatia / or / Gala-cia / or / Gall-aic / Ga-eli-c / of / Gallim / city of Dan / of Bashan /
|
/ Dan / A Phoenican / Ship / Merchants / of / Argob of / Moab /
| |
/ A (Lion-Cub-Bear) who Leaps from Bashan /
|
/ Carites / of / Carmel / of / Merari / of / Kêsêd / of / Mari / of / Mardon / of / Avvim /
|
/ In those Days / Dan / Who Leaps ? / A Leopard / of / Barzillai the Gileadite / of / Bashan /
|
/ Pirates of the Caribean /
________________________________________
/ Pa- / ar- / art- / hi- / -ia / -an / -ians /
__________________________________
/ Cedars of Lebanon /
|
/ Cypress / Cyrus the Great King of Persia / Cyprus /
|
/ Magi / Magicians of Egypt / Persian / Sasanian / Seleucia / Parthians / -ians /
|
/ Phoenicians /
|
/ Charmers / Enchanter / Omens / Sorcerers / Mediums / Necromancers /
|
/ Pelishtim is the family of Pathros /
|
/ Paphos /
|
/ Wicked -Counselors /
|
/ Syrians from Kir? /
|
/ The Scribes and Pharisees /
|
/ Wise Men / Zorah /
|
/ Eloi, Eli /
|
/ Kings of Babylon /
__________________________________
__________________________________
/ Cedars of Lebanon /
|
/ Cypress / Cyrus the Great King of Persia / Cyprus /
|
/ Magi / Magicians of Egypt / Persian / Sasanian / Seleucia / Parthians / -ians /
|
/ Phoenicians /
|
/ Charmers / Enchanter / Omens / Sorcerers / Mediums / Necromancers /
|
/ Pelishtim is the family of Pathros /
|
/ Paphos /
|
/ Wicked -Counselors /
|
/ Syrians from Kir? /
|
/ The Scribes and Pharisees /
|
/ Wise Men / Zorah /
|
/ Eloi, Eli /
|
/ Kings of Babylon /
__________________________________
/ Hasmonean / Hellenist /
|
___________of___________
|
/ Akeldama /
/ West / Mede / Black Flags / Midian / East /
/ Geneva /
|
/ Patheon / Pithon / Adder /
|
/ Serpent /
|
/ Brood of Vipers /
|
/ Levant / Bronze / Leviathan /
______________________________________________________
/ Ptolemy and Seleucus the Fugitive - Satrap of Babylon / of Hasmonean Dynasty /
AND
/ Demetrius / of / Macedonia /
He belonged to the Antigonid dynasty and was its first member to rule Macedonia.
and
/ Roman / Sopater - Sosipater / Ottoman /
|
/ Kinsman of Paul /
|
/ Genealogy of Saul /
|
___________________________of___________________________
|
/ Ancient- Potters / of / Mesopotamia / Beyond the Euphrates / of / Erech / of / Ur /
|
/ Abel-Mizraim / of / Beyon the Jordan /
|
/ Hellenist of Alexandria /
|
/ Abdon son of Hillel the Pirathonite / sons of Immer /
____________________________________________________
|
___________of___________
|
/ Akeldama /
/ West / Mede / Black Flags / Midian / East /
/ Geneva /
|
/ Patheon / Pithon / Adder /
|
/ Serpent /
|
/ Brood of Vipers /
|
/ Levant / Bronze / Leviathan /
______________________________________________________
/ Ptolemy and Seleucus the Fugitive - Satrap of Babylon / of Hasmonean Dynasty /
AND
/ Demetrius / of / Macedonia /
He belonged to the Antigonid dynasty and was its first member to rule Macedonia.
and
/ Roman / Sopater - Sosipater / Ottoman /
|
/ Kinsman of Paul /
|
/ Genealogy of Saul /
|
___________________________of___________________________
|
/ Ancient- Potters / of / Mesopotamia / Beyond the Euphrates / of / Erech / of / Ur /
|
/ Abel-Mizraim / of / Beyon the Jordan /
|
/ Hellenist of Alexandria /
|
/ Abdon son of Hillel the Pirathonite / sons of Immer /
____________________________________________________
___________|____________
/ Parthian / | / Beth -/ Both of Them /- Baal / | / Greece -/ Goat and Ram /- Persian / | / Roman-/ Seleucia /--/ Persian /- Ptolemy / | / Medes / Mede / Midian / Medan / ____________________ The Diadochi (/daɪˈædəkaɪ/; from Greek: Διάδοχοι, Diadokhoi, meaning "Successors") were the rival generals, families and friends of Alexander the Great who fought for control over his empire after his death in 323 BC. The Wars of theDiadochi mark the beginning of the Hellenistic period. This division was to last for a century, before the Antigonid Kingdom finally fell to Rome, and the Seleucids were harried from Persia by the Parthians and forced by the Romans to relinquish control in Asia Minor. A rump Seleucid kingdom limped on in Syria until finally put to rest by Pompey in 64 BC. The Ptolemies lasted longer in Alexandria, though as a client under Rome. Egypt was finally annexed to Rome in 30 BC. The Antigonid dynasty (/ænˈtɪɡɵnɪd/; Greek: Ἀντιγονίδαι) was a dynasty of Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed"). Antigonus I Monophthalmus (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίγονος ὁ Μονόφθαλμος, Antigonus the One-eyed, 382–301 BC), son of Philip from Elimeia, was a Macedonian nobleman, general, and satrap under Alexander the Great. During his early life he served under Philip II, and he was a major figure in the Wars of the Diadochi after Alexander's death, declaring himself king in 306 BC and establishing the Antigonid dynasty. Succeeding the Antipatrid dynasty in much of Macedonia, Antigonus ruled mostly over Asia Minor and northern Syria. His attempts to take control of the whole of Alexander's empire led to his defeat and death at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC. Antigonus's son Demetrius I Poliorcetes survived the battle, and managed to seize control ofMacedon itself a few years later, but eventually lost his throne, dying as a prisoner of Seleucus I Nicator. After a period of confusion, Demetrius's son Antigonus II Gonatas was able to establish the family's control over the old Kingdom of Macedon, as well as over most of the Greek city-states, by 276 BC. It was one of four dynasties established by Alexander's successors, the others being the Seleucid dynasty, Ptolemaic dynasty and Attalid dynasty. The last scion of the dynasty, Perseus of Macedon, who reigned between 179-168 BC, proved unable to stop the advancing Roman legions and Macedon's defeat at the Battle of Pydna signaled the end of the dynasty.[3] ________________________
/ Roman / Britannia-Parthian / The Roman–Parthian Wars (66 BC – 217 AD) were a series of conflicts between the Parthian Empire and theRoman Republic and Roman Empire. It was the first series of conflicts in what would be 719 years of Roman–Persian Wars. Early incursions by the Roman Republic against Parthia were repulsed, notably at the Battle of Carrhae (53 BC). During the Roman Liberators' civil war of the 1st Century BC, the Parthians actively supported Brutus and Cassius, invading Syria, and gaining territories in the Levant. However, the conclusion of the second Roman civil war brought a revival of Roman strength in Western Asia.[1] ________________ / Hadrian / In 113 AD, the Roman Emperor Trajan made eastern conquests and the defeat of Parthia a strategic priority,[2]and successfully overran the Parthian capital, Ctesiphon, installing Parthamaspates of Parthia as a client ruler. Hadrian, Trajan's successor, reversed his predecessor's policy, intending to re-establish the Euphrates as the limit of Roman control. However, in the 2nd century, war over Armenia broke out again in 161, when Vologases IV defeated the Romans there. A Roman counter-attack under Statius Priscus defeated the Parthians in Armenia and installed a favored candidate on the Armenian throne, and an invasion of Mesopotamia culminated in the sack of Ctesiphon in 165. In 195, another Roman invasion of Mesopotamia began under the Emperor Septimius Severus, who occupied Seleucia and Babylon, and then sacked Ctesiphon yet again in 197. Parthia ultimately fell not to the Romans, but to the Sassanids under Ardashir I, who entered Ctesiphon in 226. Under Ardashir and his successors, Persian-Roman conflict continued between the Sassanid Empire and Rome. _______________
/ Nestor / ________________ / Syria / Nestorius (/ˌnɛsˈtɔriəs/; in Greek: Νεστόριος; c. 386 – 450[1]) was Archbishop of Constantinople from 10 April 428 until August 431, when the emperor Theodosius II confirmed his condemnation by the Council of Ephesus on 22 June. His teachings included a rejection of the long-used title of Theotokos, "Mother of God", for Mary, mother of Jesus, and were misunderstood by many to imply that he did not believe that Christ was truly God. This brought him into conflict with other prominent churchmen of the time, most notably Cyril of Alexandria, whom he accused of heresy. Nestorius sought to defend himself at the First Council of Ephesus in 431, but instead he found himself formally condemned for heresy by a majority of the bishops and subsequently removed from his see. On his own request he retired to his former monastery in or near Antioch. In 435 Theodosius II sent him into exile in Upper Egypt, where he lived on until 450, strenuously defending his orthodoxy. His last major defender within the Roman Empire, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, finally agreed to anathematize him in 451 during the Council of Chalcedon; from then on he had no defenders within the empire. But the Church of the East never accepted his condemnation. This led later to western Christians giving the name Nestorian Church to the Church of the East, even though it never regarded him as an authoritative teacher. The discovery and publication of his Book of Heraclides at the beginning of the 20th century led to a reassessment of his theology in western scholarship. It is now generally agreed that his ideas were not far from those that eventually emerged as orthodox, but the orthodoxy of his formulation of the doctrine of Christ is still controversial. This is due to the fact that the Second Council of Constantinople of AD 553 confirmed the validity of the condemnation of Nestorius, refuting the letter of Ibas that affirms that Nestorius was condemned without the due inquiry.[2] Sources place the birth of Nestorius in either 381 or 386 in Germanicia in the Roman province of Syria (nowKahramanmaraş in Turkey).[3] He received his clerical training as a pupil of Theodore of Mopsuestia in Antioch. He was living as a priest and monk in the monastery of Euprepius near the walls, and gained a reputation for his sermons that led to his enthronement by Theodosius II as Patriarch of Constantinople following the death of Sisinnius I in 428. "Nestorianism" refers to the doctrine that there are two separate hypostases in the Incarnate Christ, the one Divine and the other human. The teaching of all those churches which accept the Council of Ephesus is that in the Incarnate Christ is a single hypostasis, at once God and man.[4] This latter doctrine is known as the Hypostatic union. Nestorius's opponents charged him with detaching Christ's divinity and humanity into two persons existing in one body, thereby denying the reality of the Incarnation. It is not clear whether Nestorius actually taught this. _______________________
/ Armenia / Aramean / During Arsacid times, Parthia was united with Hyrcania as one administrative unit, and that region is therefore often (subject to context) considered a part of Parthia proper. The Arsacid Dynasty may refer to:
|
_________|___________
/ Parthian / | / Beth -/ Both of Them /- Baal / | / Greece -/ Goat and Ram /- Persian / | / Roman-/ Seleucia /--/ Persian /- Ptolemy / | / Medes / Mede / Midian / Medan / ________________________ The House of Mihrān or House of Mehrān was a leading Iranian noble family (šahrdārān), one of the Seven Great Houses of the Sassanid Persian Empire which claimed descent from the earlier Arsacid dynasty.[1] A branch of the family formed the Mihranid line of the kings of Caucasian Albania and the Chosroid Dynasty of Kartli.[2] History First mentioned in a mid-3rd-century CE trilingual inscription at the Ka'ba-i Zartosht, concerning the political, military, and religious activities of Shapur I, the second Sassanid king of Iran, the family remained the hereditary "margraves" of Ray throughout the Sassanid period. Several members of the family served as generals in the Roman–Persian Wars, where they are mentioned simply as Mihran or Μιρράνης, mirranēs, in Greek sources. Indeed, Procopius, in his History of the Wars, holds that the family name Mihran is a title equivalent to General.[3][4] _________________ / Perez and Bahrain / | / Turkey / | / Balkans Region / | / Crown and Temple / Notable generals from the Mihran clan included: Perozes, the Persian commander-in-chief during the Anastasian War[5] and the Battle of Dara,[6] Golon Mihran, who fought against the Byzantines in Armenia in 572–573,[7] and Bahram Chobin,[8] who led a coup against Khosrau II and briefly usurped the crown from 590 to 591.[9] In the course of the 4th century, the purported branches of this family acquired the crowns of three Caucasian polities: Iberia (Chosroids), Gogarene and Caucasian Albania/Gardman (Mihranids).[10] ________________________
/ Kenites / Oak / Amorites / | / Iberiah / | / Carites / of / Kartan / | / Carchemish / | / Tanner / of / Shinar / | / Thebes / Kartli (Georgian: ქართლი [kʰartʰli] ( listen)) is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the riverMtkvari (Kura), on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated. Known to the Classical authors as Iberia, Kartli played a crucial role in the ethnic and political consolidation of the Georgians in the Middle Ages. Kartli had no strictly defined boundaries and they significantly fluctuated in the course of history. After the partition of the kingdom of Georgia in the 15th century, Kartli became a separate kingdom with its capital at Tbilisi. The historical lands of Kartli are currently divided among several administrative regions of Georgia. The Georgians living in the historical lands of Kartli are known as Kartleli (ქართლელი) and comprise one of the largest geographic subgroups of the Georgian people. Most of them are Eastern Orthodox Christians adhering to the nationalGeorgian Orthodox Church and speak a dialect, which is the basis of the modern Georgian literary language. Several wars are termed "Persian" or called simply "the Persian War:"
______________
/ Arab-Muslim / -Jamin- / House of Saud / The Roman–Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between states of the Greco-Roman world and two successive Iranian empires: the Parthian and the Sassanid. Battles between the Parthian Empire and theRoman Republic began in 92 BC; wars began under the late Republic, and continued through the Roman andSassanid empires. They were ended by the Arab Muslim invasions, which devastated the Sassanid and Byzantine East Roman empires shortly after the end of the last war between them. Although warfare between the Romans and the Parthians/Sassanids lasted for seven centuries, the frontier remained largely stable. A game of tug of war ensued: towns, fortifications, and provinces were continuously sacked, captured, destroyed, and traded. Neither side had the logistical strength or manpower to maintain such lengthy campaigns far from their borders, and thus neither could advance too far without risking stretching its frontiers too thin. Both sides did make conquests beyond the border, but in time the balance was almost always restored. The line of stalemate shifted in the 2nd century AD: it had run along the northern Euphrates; the new line ran east, or later northeast, across Mesopotamia to the northern Tigris. There were also several substantial shifts further north, in Armenia and the Caucasus. The expense of resources during the Roman–Persian Wars ultimately proved catastrophic for both empires. The prolonged and escalating warfare of the 6th and 7th centuries left them exhausted and vulnerable in the face of the sudden emergence and expansion of the Caliphate, whose forces invaded both empires only a few years after the end of the last Roman–Persian war. Benefiting from their weakened condition, the Arab Muslim armies swiftly conquered the entire Sassanid Empire, and deprived the Eastern Roman Empire of its territories in the Levant, the Caucasus, Egypt, and the rest of North Africa. Over the following centuries, most of theEastern Roman Empire came under Muslim rule. As it stands, this was the longest conflict in human history, lasting approximately 721 years. |
_________|___________________________________________|___
__|____________________________|___________________________|____
Artaxias and Zariadres were two satraps of the Seleucid Empire, who ruled over the provinces of Greater Armenia and Sophene respectively.
____________________
/ Satraps /
|
/ Scythians / are / Medes /
|
/ Satrapy_of_Armenia /
After the collapse of the Kingdom of Urartu (Ararat), the land came to be under the administration of the Median Empire and the Scythians. Later the territory was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire, which incorporated it as asatrapy, and thus named it the land of "Armina" (in Old Persian; "Harminuya" in Elamite; "Urashtu" in Babylonian)).
Artaxias and Zariadres were two satraps of the Seleucid Empire, who ruled over the provinces of Greater Armenia and Sophene respectively.
____________________
/ Satraps /
|
/ Scythians / are / Medes /
|
/ Satrapy_of_Armenia /
After the collapse of the Kingdom of Urartu (Ararat), the land came to be under the administration of the Median Empire and the Scythians. Later the territory was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire, which incorporated it as asatrapy, and thus named it the land of "Armina" (in Old Persian; "Harminuya" in Elamite; "Urashtu" in Babylonian)).
________________________________
Artavasdes II (Ancient Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΟΣ ΑΡΤΑΥΑΖΔΟΥ Basileos Artavazdou, Armenian: Արտավազդ ԵրկրորդArtavazd Ikrord) was a King of the Kingdom of Armenia from 54 BC until 34 BC and a member of the Artaxiad Dynasty. He succeeded his father, Tigranes the Great, also known as Tigranes II. Artavasdes II was an ally of Rome, but whenOrodes II of Parthia invaded Armenia following his victory over the Roman general Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC, he was forced to join the Parthians. He gave his sister in marriage to Orodes' son and heirPacorus.[1]
In 36 BC the Roman General Mark Antony invaded Armenia and Artavasdes II again switched sides, but abandoned the Romans once they had left Armenia to conquer Atropatene.[2] In 34 BC Antony planned a new invasion of Armenia. First he sent his friend Quintus Dellius, who offered a betrothal of Antony's six-year-old son Alexander Helios to a daughter of Artavasdes II, but the Armenian king hesitated.[3] Now the triumvir marched into the Roman western Armenia. He summoned Artavasdes II to Nicopolis, allegedly to prepare a new war against Parthia. Artavasdes II didn't come, so the Roman general quickly marched to the Armenian capital Artaxata. He arrested the king, hoping that with his hostages assistance to obtain great treasures in the Armenian castles. His son Artaxias II was elected as successor. After a lost battle Artaxias II fled to the Parthian king. Finally Antony took Artavasdes II to Alexandria.[4]
The Armenian king and his family, who were bound with golden chains, had to follow Antony in his triumphal procession.[5] Cleopatra VII of Egypt awaited the triumvir on a golden throne, but Artavasdes II refused to render homage to the Egyptian Queen by Proskynesis.[6]
________________
/ Tamar /
|
/ Jezebel- / Elisheba/Elizabeth / -Rahab /
|
/ Philip / Herodias / Herod /
After the Battle of Actium 31 BC, the Armenian king was executed by beheading at the behest of Cleopatra.
In the past he had been an enemy of his namesake, King Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene, who had become an ally of Antony.
She sent his head to Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene to secure his help.[7]
_______________________
/ Archelaus of Cappadocia / sons of Herod /
Plutarch describes Artavasdes II as a well educated man, who had a great fondness for all things Greek and was an accomplished scholar who composed Greek tragedies and histories.[8] From an unnamed wife, he was survived by two sons: Artaxias II,[9] Tigranes III[10]
and
an unnamed daughter[11] who possibly married King Archelaus of Cappadocia.
___________________________________________
/ Aryan / Y Eye I / Ar-ri-ian /
|
/ Lyre / Y Eye I / L-ir-e /
|
/ T-ir-as / of / Y Eye I / of Tyre /
|
/ Gilak /
|
/ Hyrcania / Y Eye I / H-ir-a-cania /
|
/ Parched Grain / Merchants / Aristarchus / Narcissus / Carchemish / Dorcas / Carcass /
|
/ Ahava / of / Sippai / Casiphia / Ahava /
|
/ SS /
Hyrcania or Verkâna was the name of a satrapy located in the territories of the present day Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran and part of Turkmenistan, lands south of the Caspian Sea. To the Greeks, the Caspian Sea was the "Hyrcanian Sea".
______________________________________
/ Ptolemy / Y Eye I / Tola /
|
/ Hellenist of Alexandria /
|
/ Foot Slips / off the / Ottoman /
Ironically in the formal 'court' titulature of the Hellenistic empires ruled by dynasties we know as Diadochs,
the title was not customary for the Monarch, but has actually been proven to be the lowest in a system of official rank titles,
known as Aulic titulature, conferred – ex officio or nominatim – to actual courtiers and as an honorary rank (for protocol)
to various military and civilian officials.
Notably in Ptolemaic Egypt, it was reported as the lowest aulic rank, under Philos, during the reign of Ptolemy V Epiphanes.
Artavasdes II (Ancient Greek: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΟΣ ΑΡΤΑΥΑΖΔΟΥ Basileos Artavazdou, Armenian: Արտավազդ ԵրկրորդArtavazd Ikrord) was a King of the Kingdom of Armenia from 54 BC until 34 BC and a member of the Artaxiad Dynasty. He succeeded his father, Tigranes the Great, also known as Tigranes II. Artavasdes II was an ally of Rome, but whenOrodes II of Parthia invaded Armenia following his victory over the Roman general Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC, he was forced to join the Parthians. He gave his sister in marriage to Orodes' son and heirPacorus.[1]
In 36 BC the Roman General Mark Antony invaded Armenia and Artavasdes II again switched sides, but abandoned the Romans once they had left Armenia to conquer Atropatene.[2] In 34 BC Antony planned a new invasion of Armenia. First he sent his friend Quintus Dellius, who offered a betrothal of Antony's six-year-old son Alexander Helios to a daughter of Artavasdes II, but the Armenian king hesitated.[3] Now the triumvir marched into the Roman western Armenia. He summoned Artavasdes II to Nicopolis, allegedly to prepare a new war against Parthia. Artavasdes II didn't come, so the Roman general quickly marched to the Armenian capital Artaxata. He arrested the king, hoping that with his hostages assistance to obtain great treasures in the Armenian castles. His son Artaxias II was elected as successor. After a lost battle Artaxias II fled to the Parthian king. Finally Antony took Artavasdes II to Alexandria.[4]
The Armenian king and his family, who were bound with golden chains, had to follow Antony in his triumphal procession.[5] Cleopatra VII of Egypt awaited the triumvir on a golden throne, but Artavasdes II refused to render homage to the Egyptian Queen by Proskynesis.[6]
________________
/ Tamar /
|
/ Jezebel- / Elisheba/Elizabeth / -Rahab /
|
/ Philip / Herodias / Herod /
After the Battle of Actium 31 BC, the Armenian king was executed by beheading at the behest of Cleopatra.
In the past he had been an enemy of his namesake, King Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene, who had become an ally of Antony.
She sent his head to Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene to secure his help.[7]
_______________________
/ Archelaus of Cappadocia / sons of Herod /
Plutarch describes Artavasdes II as a well educated man, who had a great fondness for all things Greek and was an accomplished scholar who composed Greek tragedies and histories.[8] From an unnamed wife, he was survived by two sons: Artaxias II,[9] Tigranes III[10]
and
an unnamed daughter[11] who possibly married King Archelaus of Cappadocia.
___________________________________________
/ Aryan / Y Eye I / Ar-ri-ian /
|
/ Lyre / Y Eye I / L-ir-e /
|
/ T-ir-as / of / Y Eye I / of Tyre /
|
/ Gilak /
|
/ Hyrcania / Y Eye I / H-ir-a-cania /
|
/ Parched Grain / Merchants / Aristarchus / Narcissus / Carchemish / Dorcas / Carcass /
|
/ Ahava / of / Sippai / Casiphia / Ahava /
|
/ SS /
Hyrcania or Verkâna was the name of a satrapy located in the territories of the present day Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran and part of Turkmenistan, lands south of the Caspian Sea. To the Greeks, the Caspian Sea was the "Hyrcanian Sea".
______________________________________
/ Ptolemy / Y Eye I / Tola /
|
/ Hellenist of Alexandria /
|
/ Foot Slips / off the / Ottoman /
Ironically in the formal 'court' titulature of the Hellenistic empires ruled by dynasties we know as Diadochs,
the title was not customary for the Monarch, but has actually been proven to be the lowest in a system of official rank titles,
known as Aulic titulature, conferred – ex officio or nominatim – to actual courtiers and as an honorary rank (for protocol)
to various military and civilian officials.
Notably in Ptolemaic Egypt, it was reported as the lowest aulic rank, under Philos, during the reign of Ptolemy V Epiphanes.
___________________________________
/ Madai-Maine-of Germain / of / Magog /
_____________________________________________________________________
| |
/ Madai-Maine-of Germain / of / Magog /
_____________________________________________________________________
| |
is the patron saint and first official head of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
------------------------------------------------ In 302, Gregory received consecration as Patriarch of Armenia from Leontius of Caesarea, his childhood friend. |
/ Bartholomew /
Philip and Nathanael are similarly mentioned together. Giuseppe Simone Assemani specifically remarks, "the Chaldeans confound (confused) Bartholomew with Nathaniel".[5] Some Biblical scholars reject this identification, however.[6]
|
/ Matthias father of Bartholomew /
Matthias (Hebrew transliteration Mattityahu) (d. 80), according to the Acts of the Apostles, was the apostle chosen by (Lot) the remaining eleven apostles to replace Judas Iscariot following Judas' betrayal of Jesus and his suicide.[2]
|
____|_____________________________|______________________________|__
/ Ceasar Augustus /
____________________
Caesarea in Cappadocia
|
/ Ceserea of Harod / Sisera / Cesarea / Ceserea of Maritime / Miriam / Aramean / Tiras / Roman /
_____________________________________________________
/ Ceasar Augustus /
____________________
Caesarea in Cappadocia
|
/ Ceserea of Harod / Sisera / Cesarea / Ceserea of Maritime / Miriam / Aramean / Tiras / Roman /
_____________________________________________________
Gregory was the son[1] of the Armenian Parthian nobles[2] Anak the Parthian and Okohe.
His father Anak, who was a Prince[3] said to be related to the Arsacid Kings of Armenia[4] or was from the house of Suren-Pahlaw, one of the seven branches of the ruling Arsacid dynasty[5] of Bactria.[6] Anak was charged with assassinating Khosrov II, one of the kings of the Arsacid dynasty and was put to death. Gregory narrowly escaped execution with the help of Sopia and Yevtagh, his caretakers. He was taken to Caesarea in Cappadocia where Sopia and Yevtagh hoped to raise him. Gregory was given to the Christian Holy Father Phirmilianos (Euthalius) to be educated and was brought up as a devout Christian.
On the coming of his age, Gregory married a woman called Miriam, a devout Christian who was the daughter of a Christian Armenian Prince[7] in Cappadocia. From their union, Miriam bore Gregory two children,[8] their sons Vrtanes and Aristaces. Through Vrtanes, Gregory and Miriam would have further descendants and when Gregory died, Aristaces succeeded him. At some point Miriam and Gregory separated in order that Gregory might take up a monastic life.[9] Gregory left Cappadocia and went to Armenia in the hope of atoning for the crime by his father by evangelizing his homeland.[10]
At that time Tiridates III the son of the late King Khosrov II, reigned. Influenced partly by the fact that Gregory was the son of his father's enemy,
he ordered Gregory imprisoned for twelve (some sources indicate fourteen) years in a pit on the Ararat Plain under the present day church
of Khor Virap located near the historical city Artashat in Armenia.
Gregory was eventually called forth from his pit in c. 297 to restore to sanity Tiridates III,
who had lost all reason after he was betrayed by Roman emperor Diocletian.
Diocletian invaded and vast amounts of territory from western provinces of Greater Armenia became "protectorates" of Rome.
_____________________________________________
|
His father Anak, who was a Prince[3] said to be related to the Arsacid Kings of Armenia[4] or was from the house of Suren-Pahlaw, one of the seven branches of the ruling Arsacid dynasty[5] of Bactria.[6] Anak was charged with assassinating Khosrov II, one of the kings of the Arsacid dynasty and was put to death. Gregory narrowly escaped execution with the help of Sopia and Yevtagh, his caretakers. He was taken to Caesarea in Cappadocia where Sopia and Yevtagh hoped to raise him. Gregory was given to the Christian Holy Father Phirmilianos (Euthalius) to be educated and was brought up as a devout Christian.
On the coming of his age, Gregory married a woman called Miriam, a devout Christian who was the daughter of a Christian Armenian Prince[7] in Cappadocia. From their union, Miriam bore Gregory two children,[8] their sons Vrtanes and Aristaces. Through Vrtanes, Gregory and Miriam would have further descendants and when Gregory died, Aristaces succeeded him. At some point Miriam and Gregory separated in order that Gregory might take up a monastic life.[9] Gregory left Cappadocia and went to Armenia in the hope of atoning for the crime by his father by evangelizing his homeland.[10]
At that time Tiridates III the son of the late King Khosrov II, reigned. Influenced partly by the fact that Gregory was the son of his father's enemy,
he ordered Gregory imprisoned for twelve (some sources indicate fourteen) years in a pit on the Ararat Plain under the present day church
of Khor Virap located near the historical city Artashat in Armenia.
Gregory was eventually called forth from his pit in c. 297 to restore to sanity Tiridates III,
who had lost all reason after he was betrayed by Roman emperor Diocletian.
Diocletian invaded and vast amounts of territory from western provinces of Greater Armenia became "protectorates" of Rome.
_____________________________________________
|
______________________________
/ Tirhakah King of Cush /
|
/ Britannia-Parthian / of / Persia / of / India /
|
/ Caleb of / Jether / of / Jethro / of / Jetur / of / Gether / of / Lud-im /
According to traditional accounts, the Muslim conquests (Arabic: الغزوات, al-Ġazawāt or Arabic: الفتوحات الإسلامية, al-Futūḥāt al-Islāmiyya) also referred to as the Islamic conquests or Arab conquests,[2]began with the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. He established a new unified polity in theArabian Peninsula which under the subsequent Rashidun (The Rightly Guided Caliphs) and UmayyadCaliphates saw a century of rapid expansion of Muslim power.
They grew well beyond the Arabian Peninsula in the form of a Muslim empire with an area of influence that stretched from the borders of China and India, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa,Sicily, and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees.
Edward Gibbon writes in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:
________________________________
|
/ Tirhakah King of Cush /
|
/ Britannia-Parthian / of / Persia / of / India /
|
/ Caleb of / Jether / of / Jethro / of / Jetur / of / Gether / of / Lud-im /
According to traditional accounts, the Muslim conquests (Arabic: الغزوات, al-Ġazawāt or Arabic: الفتوحات الإسلامية, al-Futūḥāt al-Islāmiyya) also referred to as the Islamic conquests or Arab conquests,[2]began with the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. He established a new unified polity in theArabian Peninsula which under the subsequent Rashidun (The Rightly Guided Caliphs) and UmayyadCaliphates saw a century of rapid expansion of Muslim power.
They grew well beyond the Arabian Peninsula in the form of a Muslim empire with an area of influence that stretched from the borders of China and India, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa,Sicily, and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees.
Edward Gibbon writes in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire:
________________________________
|
______________
/ Haz- / Hazor / Hazar / of / Scythian / of / Attila the Hun /
The Arab–Khazar wars were part of a long series of military conflicts between the nomadic peoples of the Pontic-Caspian steppe and the more settled regions south of the Caucasus range, dating back to Antiquity. The two great passes over the Caucasus, the Darial Pass ("Alan Gates") in the centre and the Pass of Derbent("Caspian Gates") had been used as invasion routes since Classical times, and their defence against the northern barbarian hordes came to be regarded as one of the chief duties of imperial regimes to the south. Thus the shahs of the Sassanid Empire, from Peroz I (r. 457–484) to Khosrau I (r. 531–579), built a long line of fortifications from the Caucasus to the Caspian Sea.[1][3] Derbent itself, which would feature prominently in the Arab–Khazar conflict, was built by the Persians in the early 6th century as a strategic choke-point and gateway (its name in Persian, Dar-band, means "Knot of the Gates") between the north and south.[4] This is reflected in the popular belief among Middle Eastern cultures that Alexander the Great had with divine assistance barred the Caucasus against the hordes of "Gog and Magog", an echo of invasions by the Scythians and the Huns.[5] Eventually, the Khazars would take their place, and early medieval writers came to identify the Khazars with Gog and Magog.[6]
________________________
/ Kenites / Oak / Amorites /
|
/ Iberiah /
|
/ Carites / of / Kartan /
|
/ Carchemish /
|
/ Tanner / of / Shinar /
|
/ Thebes /
With the fragmentation of the kingdom of Georgia in the 15th century, the kings of Georgia were left with Kartli alone, having Tbilisi as their capital.
The kings of Kartli did not relinquish the titles of the all-Georgian monarchs whose legitimate successors they claimed to be.
The Europeans, thus, knew it as "Georgia proper" and later also as Kartalinia via the Russian Карталиния [kartalinʲɪjə]. Similarly, the toponym Gorjestān (Georgia) was usually used in Persian in the narrower sense of Kartli.[11]
The kingdom of Kartli was a battleground of the Ottoman-Safavid wars, conflicts among neighboring Georgian and Caucasian rulers, and of its own civil wars into the 18th century. Beginning from 1550, and more strictly since 1614, the Georgian rulers pursued the "politics of compromise" with their Persian overlords. This implied that Persia allowed Kartli or any other region under their rule to retain a considerable autonomy and the Georgian dynasty of Bagratids to hold the royal throne provided they adopted Islam and remained subordinate to the shah. In Georgian documents, the Georgian rulers continued to be styled as kings, while Persian official documents referred to them as the wāli ("viceroy") of Gorjestān, underscoring their subservience to the shah. Many members of the aristocratic elite of Kartli filled high positions in the Persian military and administration and several noble women entered the shah's harems. This situation changed in 1745, when, with the permission of Nāder Shah, Teimuraz II was crowned as king of Kartli according to Christian customs. In 1748, Kartli became essentially independent, with only formal side of Persian vassalage still observed. In 1762, Kartli was united with the neighboring eastern Georgian kingdom of Kakheti into a single state, which placed itself under the Russian protectorate in 1783, but it suffered the devastating Persian invasion in 1795, when Agha Mohammad Khan of Persia's newly established Qajar dynasty sought to bring Georgia again under Persian hegemony.
_____________________
/ Shahariam /
|
/ Bahrain /
|
/ Muslim / of / Ben-Jamin-nite / of / Hous of Saud /
|
/ Rosh / of / Rushash /
The weakened kingdom was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1801[11] and this new rearrangement was confirmed in the Treaty of Gulistan in
1813 following the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813).[11]
/ Haz- / Hazor / Hazar / of / Scythian / of / Attila the Hun /
The Arab–Khazar wars were part of a long series of military conflicts between the nomadic peoples of the Pontic-Caspian steppe and the more settled regions south of the Caucasus range, dating back to Antiquity. The two great passes over the Caucasus, the Darial Pass ("Alan Gates") in the centre and the Pass of Derbent("Caspian Gates") had been used as invasion routes since Classical times, and their defence against the northern barbarian hordes came to be regarded as one of the chief duties of imperial regimes to the south. Thus the shahs of the Sassanid Empire, from Peroz I (r. 457–484) to Khosrau I (r. 531–579), built a long line of fortifications from the Caucasus to the Caspian Sea.[1][3] Derbent itself, which would feature prominently in the Arab–Khazar conflict, was built by the Persians in the early 6th century as a strategic choke-point and gateway (its name in Persian, Dar-band, means "Knot of the Gates") between the north and south.[4] This is reflected in the popular belief among Middle Eastern cultures that Alexander the Great had with divine assistance barred the Caucasus against the hordes of "Gog and Magog", an echo of invasions by the Scythians and the Huns.[5] Eventually, the Khazars would take their place, and early medieval writers came to identify the Khazars with Gog and Magog.[6]
________________________
/ Kenites / Oak / Amorites /
|
/ Iberiah /
|
/ Carites / of / Kartan /
|
/ Carchemish /
|
/ Tanner / of / Shinar /
|
/ Thebes /
With the fragmentation of the kingdom of Georgia in the 15th century, the kings of Georgia were left with Kartli alone, having Tbilisi as their capital.
The kings of Kartli did not relinquish the titles of the all-Georgian monarchs whose legitimate successors they claimed to be.
The Europeans, thus, knew it as "Georgia proper" and later also as Kartalinia via the Russian Карталиния [kartalinʲɪjə]. Similarly, the toponym Gorjestān (Georgia) was usually used in Persian in the narrower sense of Kartli.[11]
The kingdom of Kartli was a battleground of the Ottoman-Safavid wars, conflicts among neighboring Georgian and Caucasian rulers, and of its own civil wars into the 18th century. Beginning from 1550, and more strictly since 1614, the Georgian rulers pursued the "politics of compromise" with their Persian overlords. This implied that Persia allowed Kartli or any other region under their rule to retain a considerable autonomy and the Georgian dynasty of Bagratids to hold the royal throne provided they adopted Islam and remained subordinate to the shah. In Georgian documents, the Georgian rulers continued to be styled as kings, while Persian official documents referred to them as the wāli ("viceroy") of Gorjestān, underscoring their subservience to the shah. Many members of the aristocratic elite of Kartli filled high positions in the Persian military and administration and several noble women entered the shah's harems. This situation changed in 1745, when, with the permission of Nāder Shah, Teimuraz II was crowned as king of Kartli according to Christian customs. In 1748, Kartli became essentially independent, with only formal side of Persian vassalage still observed. In 1762, Kartli was united with the neighboring eastern Georgian kingdom of Kakheti into a single state, which placed itself under the Russian protectorate in 1783, but it suffered the devastating Persian invasion in 1795, when Agha Mohammad Khan of Persia's newly established Qajar dynasty sought to bring Georgia again under Persian hegemony.
_____________________
/ Shahariam /
|
/ Bahrain /
|
/ Muslim / of / Ben-Jamin-nite / of / Hous of Saud /
|
/ Rosh / of / Rushash /
The weakened kingdom was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1801[11] and this new rearrangement was confirmed in the Treaty of Gulistan in
1813 following the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813).[11]
/ Par- / Partiality / Parched Grain / Leopards /
|
/ Parthians /
|
/ Nobles /
|
/ Parnach / Paran / Parah / Paruah / Mispar / Parosh / Osnappar / Parmenas /
|
/ Aristarchus /
|
|
/ Parthians /
|
/ Nobles /
|
/ Parnach / Paran / Parah / Paruah / Mispar / Parosh / Osnappar / Parmenas /
|
/ Aristarchus /
|
/ Art- / Artisans / Artemis / Artemas / Bartholomew / Bartimaeus / Tartan / Quartermaster /
|
/ Kartah /
|
/ Quartus /
|
/ Parthians / Partridge /
|
/ Second Quarter /
|
/ Artazerxes King of Babylon /
|
/ Hurro - Urartian /
|
/ Kartah /
|
/ Quartus /
|
/ Parthians / Partridge /
|
/ Second Quarter /
|
/ Artazerxes King of Babylon /
|
/ Hurro - Urartian /
|
_____________of_____________
|
/ Aryan / Y Eye I / Ar-ri-ian /
|
/ Lyre / Y Eye I / L-ir-e /
|
/ Tiras / of / Y Eye I / of Tyre /
|
/ Bela sons of Beor son of Janeas son of Balaam son's of Beor son of Laban /
|
/ Tirhakah "King of Cush" /
|
/ Jeroham, of / Ge-dor / son of / Eliel / the Mahavite /
|
/ For Dan, Azarel the son of Jeroham. These were the leaders of the tribes of Israel /
|
/ Elkanah son Jeroham son of Eliab son of / Elon King of Gaash / of / Amorite /
|
/ Anaiah/Ananiah / of / Mahanaim /
|
______________________of______________________
|
/ The Potters / of / Meso-pot-amia / of / Abel-mizraim /
|
________________of________________
|
/ Sham / Shem / Shim / Shomron / Shu-math-ites /
|
/ Has-monean / of / Ha-shem / of / Ha-shum / of / Manean /
|
/ Shimron is Shomron /
_____________of_____________
|
/ Aryan / Y Eye I / Ar-ri-ian /
|
/ Lyre / Y Eye I / L-ir-e /
|
/ Tiras / of / Y Eye I / of Tyre /
|
/ Bela sons of Beor son of Janeas son of Balaam son's of Beor son of Laban /
|
/ Tirhakah "King of Cush" /
|
/ Jeroham, of / Ge-dor / son of / Eliel / the Mahavite /
|
/ For Dan, Azarel the son of Jeroham. These were the leaders of the tribes of Israel /
|
/ Elkanah son Jeroham son of Eliab son of / Elon King of Gaash / of / Amorite /
|
/ Anaiah/Ananiah / of / Mahanaim /
|
______________________of______________________
|
/ The Potters / of / Meso-pot-amia / of / Abel-mizraim /
|
________________of________________
|
/ Sham / Shem / Shim / Shomron / Shu-math-ites /
|
/ Has-monean / of / Ha-shem / of / Ha-shum / of / Manean /
|
/ Shimron is Shomron /
_________________________
The Coming of the Holy Spirit
Parthians and Medes and Elamites and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia,
Pontus and Asia,
_______________________________ Parthians and Medes and Elamites and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia,
Acts 2:8-10 (in Context) Acts 2 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
The Coming of the Holy Spirit
Parthians and Medes and Elamites and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia,
Pontus and Asia,
_______________________________ Parthians and Medes and Elamites and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia,
Acts 2:8-10 (in Context) Acts 2 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations