Thomas
______________________________
/ Jesus -Curses the Fig - Tree /
|
/ Michael / is / An Angel / Holding / The Key to the Bottomle-ss Pit / and / A Great Chain /
|
____|________/ Who is ? of Ahlai / Who is ? of Bozrah / of / Who is ? of Zochar /_____|____
|
/ "You Must Be Born Again" /
|
/ Bee - Koz /
|
/ The Men of Iconium /
|
/ Our Father's Sinned / Who's Father Sin ? / Your First Father Sinned / Sin of Your Father of Sinai /
|
/ Jonah the son of Amitta /
|
/ Avvim / of / Adam / of / City of Adam / and Eve / of / Ninevah /
|
/ Nic-olia-tan-s / of / Hoopoe, and the Bat / of / Hathath / Hathach / Hatched /
|
/ Feather of Hen's of Og / of / Knessets / of / The Eagle of Saladin /
|
/ Axe-Men / of Acts of Luke / of / Lukud of Likhi / Hatched / Under A Kamon /
|
/ Beth -/ Twin-Gazelles that Grazes among the Lilies /- Baal /
|
/ So you shall purge the evil from your midst /
|
/ Up Root the Weeds of / Debauchery / of / Those Who -Despise ? /
|
/ Humpty Dumpty / of / Anuki / of / Aztec -Incah--Micah / Hid Them Selves / Behind-America /
|
_________of_________
|
______________________________
/ Jesus -Curses the Fig - Tree /
|
/ Michael / is / An Angel / Holding / The Key to the Bottomle-ss Pit / and / A Great Chain /
|
____|________/ Who is ? of Ahlai / Who is ? of Bozrah / of / Who is ? of Zochar /_____|____
|
/ "You Must Be Born Again" /
|
/ Bee - Koz /
|
/ The Men of Iconium /
|
/ Our Father's Sinned / Who's Father Sin ? / Your First Father Sinned / Sin of Your Father of Sinai /
|
/ Jonah the son of Amitta /
|
/ Avvim / of / Adam / of / City of Adam / and Eve / of / Ninevah /
|
/ Nic-olia-tan-s / of / Hoopoe, and the Bat / of / Hathath / Hathach / Hatched /
|
/ Feather of Hen's of Og / of / Knessets / of / The Eagle of Saladin /
|
/ Axe-Men / of Acts of Luke / of / Lukud of Likhi / Hatched / Under A Kamon /
|
/ Beth -/ Twin-Gazelles that Grazes among the Lilies /- Baal /
|
/ So you shall purge the evil from your midst /
|
/ Up Root the Weeds of / Debauchery / of / Those Who -Despise ? /
|
/ Humpty Dumpty / of / Anuki / of / Aztec -Incah--Micah / Hid Them Selves / Behind-America /
|
_________of_________
|
/ Thomas One of The Twelve Apostles /
|
/ Philip and / Thomas (called the Twin) /
|
/ The Princes of Zadok -the priest / of Nobles who Arrived in Geneva of Munich are Eunuchs /
|
/ Mark son of / Simon(Cephas/Peter) King of Tusc-anah / the son of John / of / Patmos /
|
/ The Sun of The Moon, and The Stars / of / Dead-ly -Pot of Stew / The Codex / of / Astro-log-ist /
|
/ The Tur-Kish - Key of / lord - Chamberlain / of / A-big-dor / Sy-Nob / of / Abi-Lot / of / Jetur /
|
/ Philip and / Bartholomew-/-Nathanael; /
______________________________________________________________________
| | |
_____|__________________________|_________________________|______
/ T-ho- / om- / ma- / -as /
|
/ The Twin /
|
/ Greece / Who is ? / Salamis --Salome-Salma--Salmon-Salmone / Who is ? / Greece /
|
/ Judas /---/ India /
Doctrine of the Apostles[citation needed] 3rd century; Church represented: Syrian [48] “After the death of the Apostles there were Guides and Rulers in the Churches… They again at their deaths also committed and delivered to their disciples after them everything which they had received from the Apostles; … (also what) Judas Thomas (had written) from India”.
The Apostle also preached in other parts of India. The visit of the Apostle Thomas to these places and to Mylapore on the East coast of India can be read in the Ramban Songs of Thomas Ramban, set into 'moc', 1500.[36] He was martyred in 72 at Little Mount, a little distant from St. Thomas Mount, and was buried at San Thome, near the modern city of Chennai.[36] The body of Apostle Thomas was translated to Edessa, Iraq. It is now in Ortona, Italy. Relics of Apostle Thomas were translated to the San Thome Cathedral in Chennai and to St Thomas Church in Palayur, near Guruvayoor at Chavakkad Taluk, Thrissur District in Kerala.[37]
______________
/ Rich Man /
|
/ Syria and Epraim /
|
/ Merchants /
|
/ Martyr of / Apostles /
Several ancient writers mention India as the scene of St. Thomas’ labours. Ephrem the Syrian (300–378) writes in the forty-second of his "Carmina Nisibina" that the Apostle was put to death in India, and that his remains were subsequently buried in Edessa, brought there by a merchant.[38]
St. Ephraem in a hymn about the relics of St. Thomas at Edessa depicts Satan exclaiming,
“The Apostle whom I killed in India comes to meet me in Edessa." Gregory Nazianzen, (329–389), in a homily says; “What! were not the Apostles foreigners? Granting that Judea was the country of Peter, what had Saul to do with the Gentiles, Luke with Achaia, Andrew with Epirus, Thomas with India,
Mark with Italy?.”
Ambrose (340–397) writes “When the Lord Jesus said to the Apostles, go and teach all nations,
even the kingdoms that had been shut off by the barbaric mountains lay open to them as India to Thomas, as Persia to Mathew.”
There are other passages in ancient liturgies and martyrologies which refer to the work of St. Thomas in India.
These passages indicate that the tradition that St. Thomas died in India was widespread among the early churches.[39]
________________
/ SS- /
|
/ Manasseh / of / Sharon / of / Tiras /
|
/ Hassenuah /---/ Hassenaah /
|
/ Prophetess / of / Miriam / of / Merari / of / Mari /
|
/ Manoah /
The Tamil epic of Manimekkalai written between the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD of the Sangam Literature era mentions the Saint Thomas Christian (Nasrani) people by the name Essanis referring to one of the early Jewish-Christian sects within the Nasranis called Essenes.[10]
In AD 883, Alfred the Great (849–899), King of Wessex, England reportedly sent gifts to Mar Thoma Christians of India through Sighelm,
bishop of Sherborne.[11]
_____________________
/ A B-Abi of London is Abbey / of Nuns /
In Christianity, an abbess (Latin abbatissa, feminine form of abbas, abbot) is the female superior of a community of nuns, often an abbey.[1]
The last such ruling abbess was Sofia Albertina, Princess of Sweden.[8]
______________________
/ Sons of Hinnom /
Princess Sophia Albertina of Sweden (full name: Sophia Maria Lovisa Fredrika Albertina; 8 October 1753 – 17 March 1829) was the last Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg Abbey and as such reigned as vassal monarch of the Holy Roman Empire.
Sophia Albertina was the daughter of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. She was thus a princess of Sweden, a princess of Holstein-Gottorp and a sister to Gustav III of Sweden. She was a member of theAccademia di San Luca.
She was given her two names as namesake of her two grandmothers: the Prussian Queen Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
and Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach.
_______________
/ Ostrich /
The Roman Catholic church has around 200 abbesses at present.[5] The oldest women's abbey in Germany being St. Marienthal Abbey of Cistercian nuns, nearOstritz, established during the early 13th-century.
__________________
/ Roman /---/ Judea /
|
/ Zadok the son of Ahitub / Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, son of Phinehas,
son of Eli, /
/ the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. /
|
/ Zadok of the sons of Eleazar / of Kish /
|
/ Pharasees / and / Saddducees /
|
/ Z-/ Ado /-k the Wife of Lot /
|
/ Thyatira /
|
/ A Goat /
|
(now she lived in Jerusalem in the Second Quarter)
|
/ Hasmonean /
The Essenes (in Modern Hebrew: אִסִּיִים, Isiyim; Greek: Εσσήνοι, Εσσαίοι, or Οσσαίοι, Essḗnoi, Essaíoi, Ossaíoi) were a sect of Second Temple Judaism that flourished from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE which some scholars claim seceded from the Zadokite priests.[1] Being much fewer in number than the Pharisees and the Sadducees (the other two major sects at the time), the Essenes lived in various cities but congregated in communal life dedicated to asceticism (some groups practiced celibacy), voluntary poverty, and daily immersion. Many separate but related religious groups of that era shared similar mystic, eschatological, messianic, and ascetic beliefs. These groups are collectively referred to by various scholars as the "Essenes." Josephus records that Essenes existed in large numbers, and thousands lived throughout Roman Judaea.
/ T-ho- / om- / ma- / -as /
|
/ The Twin /
|
/ Greece / Who is ? / Salamis --Salome-Salma--Salmon-Salmone / Who is ? / Greece /
|
/ Judas /---/ India /
Doctrine of the Apostles[citation needed] 3rd century; Church represented: Syrian [48] “After the death of the Apostles there were Guides and Rulers in the Churches… They again at their deaths also committed and delivered to their disciples after them everything which they had received from the Apostles; … (also what) Judas Thomas (had written) from India”.
The Apostle also preached in other parts of India. The visit of the Apostle Thomas to these places and to Mylapore on the East coast of India can be read in the Ramban Songs of Thomas Ramban, set into 'moc', 1500.[36] He was martyred in 72 at Little Mount, a little distant from St. Thomas Mount, and was buried at San Thome, near the modern city of Chennai.[36] The body of Apostle Thomas was translated to Edessa, Iraq. It is now in Ortona, Italy. Relics of Apostle Thomas were translated to the San Thome Cathedral in Chennai and to St Thomas Church in Palayur, near Guruvayoor at Chavakkad Taluk, Thrissur District in Kerala.[37]
______________
/ Rich Man /
|
/ Syria and Epraim /
|
/ Merchants /
|
/ Martyr of / Apostles /
Several ancient writers mention India as the scene of St. Thomas’ labours. Ephrem the Syrian (300–378) writes in the forty-second of his "Carmina Nisibina" that the Apostle was put to death in India, and that his remains were subsequently buried in Edessa, brought there by a merchant.[38]
St. Ephraem in a hymn about the relics of St. Thomas at Edessa depicts Satan exclaiming,
“The Apostle whom I killed in India comes to meet me in Edessa." Gregory Nazianzen, (329–389), in a homily says; “What! were not the Apostles foreigners? Granting that Judea was the country of Peter, what had Saul to do with the Gentiles, Luke with Achaia, Andrew with Epirus, Thomas with India,
Mark with Italy?.”
Ambrose (340–397) writes “When the Lord Jesus said to the Apostles, go and teach all nations,
even the kingdoms that had been shut off by the barbaric mountains lay open to them as India to Thomas, as Persia to Mathew.”
There are other passages in ancient liturgies and martyrologies which refer to the work of St. Thomas in India.
These passages indicate that the tradition that St. Thomas died in India was widespread among the early churches.[39]
________________
/ SS- /
|
/ Manasseh / of / Sharon / of / Tiras /
|
/ Hassenuah /---/ Hassenaah /
|
/ Prophetess / of / Miriam / of / Merari / of / Mari /
|
/ Manoah /
The Tamil epic of Manimekkalai written between the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD of the Sangam Literature era mentions the Saint Thomas Christian (Nasrani) people by the name Essanis referring to one of the early Jewish-Christian sects within the Nasranis called Essenes.[10]
In AD 883, Alfred the Great (849–899), King of Wessex, England reportedly sent gifts to Mar Thoma Christians of India through Sighelm,
bishop of Sherborne.[11]
_____________________
/ A B-Abi of London is Abbey / of Nuns /
In Christianity, an abbess (Latin abbatissa, feminine form of abbas, abbot) is the female superior of a community of nuns, often an abbey.[1]
The last such ruling abbess was Sofia Albertina, Princess of Sweden.[8]
______________________
/ Sons of Hinnom /
Princess Sophia Albertina of Sweden (full name: Sophia Maria Lovisa Fredrika Albertina; 8 October 1753 – 17 March 1829) was the last Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg Abbey and as such reigned as vassal monarch of the Holy Roman Empire.
Sophia Albertina was the daughter of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. She was thus a princess of Sweden, a princess of Holstein-Gottorp and a sister to Gustav III of Sweden. She was a member of theAccademia di San Luca.
She was given her two names as namesake of her two grandmothers: the Prussian Queen Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
and Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach.
_______________
/ Ostrich /
The Roman Catholic church has around 200 abbesses at present.[5] The oldest women's abbey in Germany being St. Marienthal Abbey of Cistercian nuns, nearOstritz, established during the early 13th-century.
__________________
/ Roman /---/ Judea /
|
/ Zadok the son of Ahitub / Ahijah the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, son of Phinehas,
son of Eli, /
/ the priest of the LORD in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. /
|
/ Zadok of the sons of Eleazar / of Kish /
|
/ Pharasees / and / Saddducees /
|
/ Z-/ Ado /-k the Wife of Lot /
|
/ Thyatira /
|
/ A Goat /
|
(now she lived in Jerusalem in the Second Quarter)
|
/ Hasmonean /
The Essenes (in Modern Hebrew: אִסִּיִים, Isiyim; Greek: Εσσήνοι, Εσσαίοι, or Οσσαίοι, Essḗnoi, Essaíoi, Ossaíoi) were a sect of Second Temple Judaism that flourished from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE which some scholars claim seceded from the Zadokite priests.[1] Being much fewer in number than the Pharisees and the Sadducees (the other two major sects at the time), the Essenes lived in various cities but congregated in communal life dedicated to asceticism (some groups practiced celibacy), voluntary poverty, and daily immersion. Many separate but related religious groups of that era shared similar mystic, eschatological, messianic, and ascetic beliefs. These groups are collectively referred to by various scholars as the "Essenes." Josephus records that Essenes existed in large numbers, and thousands lived throughout Roman Judaea.
____________
/ Ram /
|
/ Raama / Raamah / Ramah / Rumah / Romia / Romah / Rome / Roman /
The Diocese of Sherborne (founded c. ad 705) was the origin of the present diocese; St Aldhelm was its first bishop. Ramsbury's diocese was created from the northwestern territory of the bishop of Winchester in 909.[5]
Noe Besarionis dze Ramishvili (Georgian: ნოე რამიშვილი; his name is also transliterated as Noah or Noi) (1881 - December 7, 1930) was a Georgian politician and the president of the first government of Democratic Republic of Georgia. He was one of the leaders of the Menshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He was also known by his party noms de guerre: Pyotr, and Semyonov N.
He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1902 and soon became a prominent spokesman of the Mensheviks.
Noms de guerre[edit]
In Ancien Régime France, a nom de guerre ("war name") would be adopted by each new recruit (or assigned to him by the captain of his company) as he enlisted in the French army. These pseudonyms had an official character and were the predecessor of identification numbers: soldiers were identified by their first names, their family names, and their noms de guerre (e.g. Jean Amarault dit Lafidélité). These pseudonyms were usually related to the soldier's place of origin (e.g. Jean Deslandes dit Champigny, for a soldier coming from a town named Champigny), or to a particular physical or personal trait (e.g. Antoine Bonnet dit Prettaboire, for a soldier prêt à boire, ready to drink). In 1716 a nom de guerre was mandatory for every soldier; officers did not adopt noms de guerre as they considered them derogatory. In daily life, these aliases could replace the real family name.[15]
/ Ram /
|
/ Raama / Raamah / Ramah / Rumah / Romia / Romah / Rome / Roman /
The Diocese of Sherborne (founded c. ad 705) was the origin of the present diocese; St Aldhelm was its first bishop. Ramsbury's diocese was created from the northwestern territory of the bishop of Winchester in 909.[5]
Noe Besarionis dze Ramishvili (Georgian: ნოე რამიშვილი; his name is also transliterated as Noah or Noi) (1881 - December 7, 1930) was a Georgian politician and the president of the first government of Democratic Republic of Georgia. He was one of the leaders of the Menshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He was also known by his party noms de guerre: Pyotr, and Semyonov N.
He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1902 and soon became a prominent spokesman of the Mensheviks.
Noms de guerre[edit]
In Ancien Régime France, a nom de guerre ("war name") would be adopted by each new recruit (or assigned to him by the captain of his company) as he enlisted in the French army. These pseudonyms had an official character and were the predecessor of identification numbers: soldiers were identified by their first names, their family names, and their noms de guerre (e.g. Jean Amarault dit Lafidélité). These pseudonyms were usually related to the soldier's place of origin (e.g. Jean Deslandes dit Champigny, for a soldier coming from a town named Champigny), or to a particular physical or personal trait (e.g. Antoine Bonnet dit Prettaboire, for a soldier prêt à boire, ready to drink). In 1716 a nom de guerre was mandatory for every soldier; officers did not adopt noms de guerre as they considered them derogatory. In daily life, these aliases could replace the real family name.[15]
____________________
/ Britannia /
|
/ Philip / of / Amorica /
|
/ Hammer / of / Lehi / of / Cyrene / of / Cyrpus /
|
/ Sham-ir / of / Dayan /
|
/ Jackals /
|
/ Red /---/ Star / and / Black Flags /
Noms de guerre were adopted for security reasons by members of the World War II French resistance and Polish resistance. Such pseudonyms are often adopted by military special forces soldiers, such as members of the SAS and other similar units, resistance fighters, terrorists, and guerrillas. This practice hides their identities and may protect their families from reprisals; it may also be a form of dissociation from domestic life. Some well-known men who adopted noms de guerreinclude Carlos the Jackal, for Ilich Ramírez Sánchez; Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany; and Subcomandante Marcos, the spokesman of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN).[citation needed] During Lehi's underground fight against the British in Mandatory Palestine, the organization's commander Yitzchak Shamir(later Prime Minister of Israel) adopted the nom de guerre "Michael", in honor of Ireland's Michael Collins. Revolutionaries and resistance leaders, such as Lenin,Trotsky, Golda Meir, Moshe Dayan[citation needed], Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, and Josip Broz, often adopted their noms de guerre as their proper names after the struggle. George Grivas, the Greek-Cypriot EOKA militant, adopted the nom de guerre Digenis (Διγενής). In the French Foreign Legion, recruits can adopt a pseudonym to break with their past lives. Mercenaries have long used "noms de guerre", even sometimes multiple identities depending on country, conflict and circumstance.[citation needed]
_________________________
/ Hellenist of Alexandria /
The organisation was headed by Georgios Grivas. A graduate of the Hellenic Military Academy, Grivas had served as an officer in the Greek Army. He had fought in both World Wars. During the German occupation of Greece in World War II, he led a small, extreme right-wing resistance group, named Organization X. After the war and during the Hellenic Civil War, he led Organisation X in opposing the leftist resistance guerillas of ELAS.[10]
Grivas assumed the nom de guerre Digenis in direct reference to the Byzantine Digenis Akritas who repelled invaders from the Byzantine Empire.[11][12]
/ Britannia /
|
/ Philip / of / Amorica /
|
/ Hammer / of / Lehi / of / Cyrene / of / Cyrpus /
|
/ Sham-ir / of / Dayan /
|
/ Jackals /
|
/ Red /---/ Star / and / Black Flags /
Noms de guerre were adopted for security reasons by members of the World War II French resistance and Polish resistance. Such pseudonyms are often adopted by military special forces soldiers, such as members of the SAS and other similar units, resistance fighters, terrorists, and guerrillas. This practice hides their identities and may protect their families from reprisals; it may also be a form of dissociation from domestic life. Some well-known men who adopted noms de guerreinclude Carlos the Jackal, for Ilich Ramírez Sánchez; Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany; and Subcomandante Marcos, the spokesman of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN).[citation needed] During Lehi's underground fight against the British in Mandatory Palestine, the organization's commander Yitzchak Shamir(later Prime Minister of Israel) adopted the nom de guerre "Michael", in honor of Ireland's Michael Collins. Revolutionaries and resistance leaders, such as Lenin,Trotsky, Golda Meir, Moshe Dayan[citation needed], Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, and Josip Broz, often adopted their noms de guerre as their proper names after the struggle. George Grivas, the Greek-Cypriot EOKA militant, adopted the nom de guerre Digenis (Διγενής). In the French Foreign Legion, recruits can adopt a pseudonym to break with their past lives. Mercenaries have long used "noms de guerre", even sometimes multiple identities depending on country, conflict and circumstance.[citation needed]
_________________________
/ Hellenist of Alexandria /
The organisation was headed by Georgios Grivas. A graduate of the Hellenic Military Academy, Grivas had served as an officer in the Greek Army. He had fought in both World Wars. During the German occupation of Greece in World War II, he led a small, extreme right-wing resistance group, named Organization X. After the war and during the Hellenic Civil War, he led Organisation X in opposing the leftist resistance guerillas of ELAS.[10]
Grivas assumed the nom de guerre Digenis in direct reference to the Byzantine Digenis Akritas who repelled invaders from the Byzantine Empire.[11][12]
________________________________________________________________________
/ The Reformation / = %27 / of Jackals / of / Shethar-Boz-enai / of / Mob-lord-Cartel-Nob /
|
/ The Cauldron / of / The Pot / of / Pot-she-rd / of / The Potters / of / The Herdsmen /
|
/ The Cos-t / of / Hug- Ue -Not -Jug of Oil / of / Clearness. /
|
/ Ishmael / As for / Naomi / Who is ? /-Widowed / As For Me (Call me Mara) / of / M-Arah /
|
/ That is / Cats / of / Lucius / of / Cyrene / The F's / of / Caps and Hats / of / Birds / of the / Circle /
___________________________________________________________________________
| | |
/ Martyr of The Ships // The Moores / |
/ Pirates / of the / Caribbean // Axe-Men / of Acts of Luke / |
/ Assassins // Question ? Mark / |
___________|__________________________|____________________________|_________
/ Cabul-ist / of / Philosopher / of / Ashteroth-Karnaim / of / Nebo-(Karnebo) / of / Z-ion-ism /
|
/ Lud's Marketplace / of / Phylacteries / of / Phrygia and Pamphylia / of / Their Place / of / Elisha /
|
/ A Goat Who is ? of Ram Who is ? of Alemann-ic Who is ? of Arama-ic Who is ? of Arab-ic /
________________
/ Abdon /
|
/ Abbey / of The Sons of Anarchy / of / London /
|
/ Greece / Who is ? / Salamis --Salome-Salma--Salmon-Salmone / Who is ? / Greece /
|
Herman of Wilton, bishop of both Ramsbury and then Sherborne,[5] obtained approval from Edward the Confessor to transfer his seat to Malmesbury, but this plan was blocked by local monks and Earl Godwin.[6] Instead, following the Norman conquest, the 1075 Council of London named him bishop of Sarisberie[7] (Latin:Seriberiensis episcopus[8]), which had been made a royal stronghold by William I. This was at Old Sarum. Disputes between Bishops Herbert and Richard Poore and the sheriffs of Wiltshire led to the removal of the see in the 1220s to a new site in the plain. This was chartered as the city of New Sarum by King Henry III in 1227,[9]but it wasn't until the 14th century that the office was described (by Bishop Wyvil) as the bishop of Sarum (episcopus Sarum).[10] The diocese, like the city it administers, is now known as Salisbury. The archdeaconry around Salisbury, however, retains the name of Sarum.
__________________________
/ The Fist / of / Their Elders / of / The Head/Tail /
|
/ Leader of / Marauding Bandits /
|
/ Jih- / Jeh- / -Had-ad / -ih /
|
/ Jeiel / Jehiel / Jahdai / Juduthun / Jehud-i / Jehud /
|
/ ala- / -aph / -ip /
Salafi jihadism or Jihadist-Salafism is a neologism used to describe a jihadist movement or ideology in the Salafi movement.
The terms "Salafist jihadists" and "Jihadist-Salafism" were coined by scholar Gilles Kepel in 2002[1][2][3] to describe the beliefs of the Salafi who became interested in violent/offensive jihad starting in the mid-1990s. The concept is now more often referred to simply as "jihadism" or as the "jihadist movement".[4]
Practitioners are referred to as "Salafi jihadis" or "Salafi jihadists". They are sometimes described as a variety of Salafi,[5] and sometimes as separate from "good Salafis"[2][6] whose movement is a "precursor" of Salafi jihadism.[3]
While Salafism had next to no presence in Europe in the 1980s, by the mid-2000s, Salafist jihadists had acquired "a burgeoning presence in Europe, having attempted more than 30 terrorist attacks among E.U. countries since 2001."[2]
Around AD 1292, Marco Polo (1254–1324) on his return journey from China visited Kerala, mentions that,
"The people are idolaters, though there are some Christians and Jews among them".[12][13]
The terms "Salafist jihadists" and "Jihadist-Salafism" were coined by scholar Gilles Kepel in 2002[1][2][3] to describe the beliefs of the Salafi who became interested in violent/offensive jihad starting in the mid-1990s. The concept is now more often referred to simply as "jihadism" or as the "jihadist movement".[4]
Practitioners are referred to as "Salafi jihadis" or "Salafi jihadists". They are sometimes described as a variety of Salafi,[5] and sometimes as separate from "good Salafis"[2][6] whose movement is a "precursor" of Salafi jihadism.[3]
While Salafism had next to no presence in Europe in the 1980s, by the mid-2000s, Salafist jihadists had acquired "a burgeoning presence in Europe, having attempted more than 30 terrorist attacks among E.U. countries since 2001."[2]
Around AD 1292, Marco Polo (1254–1324) on his return journey from China visited Kerala, mentions that,
"The people are idolaters, though there are some Christians and Jews among them".[12][13]
________________
/ The Dragon / of / Merari / of / Kent / of / Zina /
In 883 King Alfred the great of Wessex in England sent donations to the Christians in Malabar.[67][non-primary source needed][68]
Marco Polo visited Malabar on his return journey from China.
He wrote about the people whom he saw in Malabar, this way.
“The people are idolaters, though there are some Christians and Jews among them. They speak a language of their own.
The king is tributary to none.”
____________________________
|
_______|________
/ Persian / Nestorian /
The church grew rapidly under the Sasanians, and following the Islamic conquest of Persia (633-654) it was designated as a protected dhimmi community under Muslim rule. From the 6th century it expanded greatly, establishing communities in India (the Saint Thomas Christians), among the Mongol tribes in Central Asia, and in China, which became home to a thriving Nestorian community under the Tang Dynasty from the 7th to the 9th century. In the 13th and 14th centuries the church experienced a final period of expansion under the Mongol Empire, where influential Nestorian Christians sat in the Mongol court.
_________________
/ Muslims /
himmis were excluded from specific duties assigned to Muslims,
and
did not enjoy certain political rights reserved for Muslims,
but were otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation.[4]
They were also exempted from the zakat tax paid by Muslims.
__________
/ Sha- / ar- / -ia /
|
/ Sh-ari-a / Halak /
Under sharia, the dhimmi communities were usually subjected to their own special laws, rather than some of the laws which were applicable only to the Muslim community. For example, the Jewish community in Medina was allowed to have its own Halakha courts,[5] and the Ottoman millet system allowed its various dhimmi communities to rule themselves under separate legal courts. These courts did not cover cases that involved religious groups outside of their own community, or capital offences. Dhimmi communities were also allowed to engage in certain practices that were usually forbidden for the Muslim community, such as the consumption of alcohol and pork.[6][7]
____________________________
/ H-ana-h /
|
/ Sabians / Maacah / Ben-Jamin /
Historically, dhimmi status was originally applied to Jews, Christians, and Sabians. This status later also came to be applied to Zoroastrians, Mandaeans, Hindus, and Buddhists.[8][9] Eventually, the Hanafi, the largest school of Islamic jurisprudence, applied this term to all non-Muslims living in Islamic lands outside the sacred area surrounding Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia.[10] Some modern Hanafi scholars, however, do not make any legal distinction between a non-Muslim dhimmi and a Muslim citizen.[11]
In the 12th century Indian Nestorianism engaged the Western imagination in the figure of Prester John, supposedly a Nestorian ruler of India who held the offices of both king and priest.
The geographically remote Malabar church survived the decay of the Nestorian hierarchy elsewhere,
enduring until the 16th century when the Portuguese arrived in India.
The Portuguese at first accepted the Nestorian sect, but by the end of the century they had determined to actively bring the Saint Thomas Christians into full communion with Rome under the Latin Rite.
They installed Portuguese bishops over the local sees and made liturgical changes to accord with the Latin practice.
In 1599 the Synod of Diamper, overseen by Aleixo de Menezes, Archbishop of Goa,
led to a revolt among the Saint Thomas Christians;
the majority of them broke with the Catholic Church and vowed never to submit to the Portuguese in the Coonan Cross Oath of 1653.
In 1661 Pope Alexander VII responded by sending a delegation of Carmelites headed by Chaldean Catholics to re-establish the East Syrian rites under an Eastern Catholic hierarchy; by the next year, 84 of the 116 communities returned, forming the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church.
The rest, which became known as the Malankara Church, soon entered into communion with the Syriac Orthodox Church; from the Malankara Church has also come the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church.
____________
/ Sy-nod /---/ India /
|
/ R-omia / -iah / of / Mesopot-amia /
|
/ Raama / Raamah / Ramah / Rumah / Romia / Romah / Rome / Roman /
The Synod of Diamper, held at Udayamperoor (then known as Diamper), was a diocesan synod or council that formally united the ancient Saint Thomas Christians of the Malabar Coast (modern Kerala state), India, with the Roman Catholic Church.[1]
It was convened on 20 June 1599, under the leadership of Aleixo de Menezes, Archbishop of Goa.
________________
/ Avi- /---/ Bor- /
The Basilica of Bom Jesus or Borea Jezuchi Bajilika (Portuguese: Basílica do Bom Jesus) is located in Goa, India, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1][2] The basilica holds the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier. The church is located in Old Goa, which was the capital of Goa in the early days of Portuguese rule.[3]
/ Persian / Nestorian /
The church grew rapidly under the Sasanians, and following the Islamic conquest of Persia (633-654) it was designated as a protected dhimmi community under Muslim rule. From the 6th century it expanded greatly, establishing communities in India (the Saint Thomas Christians), among the Mongol tribes in Central Asia, and in China, which became home to a thriving Nestorian community under the Tang Dynasty from the 7th to the 9th century. In the 13th and 14th centuries the church experienced a final period of expansion under the Mongol Empire, where influential Nestorian Christians sat in the Mongol court.
_________________
/ Muslims /
himmis were excluded from specific duties assigned to Muslims,
and
did not enjoy certain political rights reserved for Muslims,
but were otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation.[4]
They were also exempted from the zakat tax paid by Muslims.
__________
/ Sha- / ar- / -ia /
|
/ Sh-ari-a / Halak /
Under sharia, the dhimmi communities were usually subjected to their own special laws, rather than some of the laws which were applicable only to the Muslim community. For example, the Jewish community in Medina was allowed to have its own Halakha courts,[5] and the Ottoman millet system allowed its various dhimmi communities to rule themselves under separate legal courts. These courts did not cover cases that involved religious groups outside of their own community, or capital offences. Dhimmi communities were also allowed to engage in certain practices that were usually forbidden for the Muslim community, such as the consumption of alcohol and pork.[6][7]
____________________________
/ H-ana-h /
|
/ Sabians / Maacah / Ben-Jamin /
Historically, dhimmi status was originally applied to Jews, Christians, and Sabians. This status later also came to be applied to Zoroastrians, Mandaeans, Hindus, and Buddhists.[8][9] Eventually, the Hanafi, the largest school of Islamic jurisprudence, applied this term to all non-Muslims living in Islamic lands outside the sacred area surrounding Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia.[10] Some modern Hanafi scholars, however, do not make any legal distinction between a non-Muslim dhimmi and a Muslim citizen.[11]
In the 12th century Indian Nestorianism engaged the Western imagination in the figure of Prester John, supposedly a Nestorian ruler of India who held the offices of both king and priest.
The geographically remote Malabar church survived the decay of the Nestorian hierarchy elsewhere,
enduring until the 16th century when the Portuguese arrived in India.
The Portuguese at first accepted the Nestorian sect, but by the end of the century they had determined to actively bring the Saint Thomas Christians into full communion with Rome under the Latin Rite.
They installed Portuguese bishops over the local sees and made liturgical changes to accord with the Latin practice.
In 1599 the Synod of Diamper, overseen by Aleixo de Menezes, Archbishop of Goa,
led to a revolt among the Saint Thomas Christians;
the majority of them broke with the Catholic Church and vowed never to submit to the Portuguese in the Coonan Cross Oath of 1653.
In 1661 Pope Alexander VII responded by sending a delegation of Carmelites headed by Chaldean Catholics to re-establish the East Syrian rites under an Eastern Catholic hierarchy; by the next year, 84 of the 116 communities returned, forming the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church.
The rest, which became known as the Malankara Church, soon entered into communion with the Syriac Orthodox Church; from the Malankara Church has also come the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church.
____________
/ Sy-nod /---/ India /
|
/ R-omia / -iah / of / Mesopot-amia /
|
/ Raama / Raamah / Ramah / Rumah / Romia / Romah / Rome / Roman /
The Synod of Diamper, held at Udayamperoor (then known as Diamper), was a diocesan synod or council that formally united the ancient Saint Thomas Christians of the Malabar Coast (modern Kerala state), India, with the Roman Catholic Church.[1]
It was convened on 20 June 1599, under the leadership of Aleixo de Menezes, Archbishop of Goa.
________________
/ Avi- /---/ Bor- /
The Basilica of Bom Jesus or Borea Jezuchi Bajilika (Portuguese: Basílica do Bom Jesus) is located in Goa, India, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1][2] The basilica holds the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier. The church is located in Old Goa, which was the capital of Goa in the early days of Portuguese rule.[3]
_____________________
/ Tarshish / Hen's of Og / Galatia /
The southern part of the kingdom was conquered by the Crown of Castile in 1512 (permanently in 1521), becoming part of the unified Kingdom of Spain. The northern part of the kingdom remained independent, but it joined with France by personal union in 1589 when King Henry III of Navarre inherited the French throne as Henry IV of France, and in 1620 it was merged into the Kingdom of France. The monarchs of this unified state took the title "King of France and Navarre" until its fall in 1792, and again during the Bourbon Restoration from 1814-1815/1815-1830.
___________________________
|
/ Tarshish / Hen's of Og / Galatia /
The southern part of the kingdom was conquered by the Crown of Castile in 1512 (permanently in 1521), becoming part of the unified Kingdom of Spain. The northern part of the kingdom remained independent, but it joined with France by personal union in 1589 when King Henry III of Navarre inherited the French throne as Henry IV of France, and in 1620 it was merged into the Kingdom of France. The monarchs of this unified state took the title "King of France and Navarre" until its fall in 1792, and again during the Bourbon Restoration from 1814-1815/1815-1830.
___________________________
|
____________|_____________
/ Ashkelon /
|
/ Gaza / H-ama-th / Ashdod /
|
/ Ashtaroth /
_________________________
/ Azarel / Dan / Gazell /
|
/ En-Dor / Dorcas / Tabitha /
|
/ Thyatira /
|
/ Leader of / Marauding Bandits /
|
/ So- The Band of Soldiers / Marauding Band /
|
/ So you shall purge the evil from your midst /
|
/ Samaritans / of / ISIS - Uranus / Cross / Rhodes of / Blood of The Rooster / that Crows / Brow /
|
/ The Sun of The Moon, and The Stars / of / Dead-ly -Pot of Stew / The Codex / of / Astro-log-ist /
|
[Abomination in the Temple]
|
/ Called Upon / of / Called -Up to Heaven / of / Lord-- With The Voice---Calls /
|
/ The Revelations / of / Jesus - Christ / of / The House of- Mary /
___________________________
[ The Great Prostitute and the Beast ]
And I saw the woman, drunk with the blood of the saints, the blood of the martyrs of Jesus.
When I saw her, I marveled greatly.
_____________________________
[ The Great Prostitute and the Beast ]
And I saw the woman, drunk with the blood of the saints, the blood of the martyrs of Jesus.
When I saw her, I marveled greatly.
_____________________________
- Revelation 17:6
And I saw the woman, drunk with the blood of the saints, the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. When I saw her, I marveled greatly.
Revelation 17:5-7 (in Context) Revelation 17 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
_____________________
[ The Twelve Apostles ]
Philip and Bartholomew/Nathanael; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus,
and Judas (Thaddaeus);
_________________________________
[ The Twelve Apostles ]
Philip and Bartholomew/Nathanael; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus,
and Judas (Thaddaeus);
_________________________________
Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus;
Matthew 10:2-4 (in Context) Matthew 10 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
Matthew 10:2-4 (in Context) Matthew 10 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
__________________________
[ The Twelve Apostles ]
Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Judas (Thaddaeus), and Simon the Zealot,
______________________
[ The Twelve Apostles ]
Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Judas (Thaddaeus), and Simon the Zealot,
______________________
Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Zealot,
Mark 3:17-19 (in Context) Mark 3 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
Mark 3:17-19 (in Context) Mark 3 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
_____________________
[ The Twelve Apostles ]
and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot,
_____________________
[ The Twelve Apostles ]
and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot,
_____________________
and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot,
Luke 6:14-16 (in Context) Luke 6 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
Luke 6:14-16 (in Context) Luke 6 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
_______________________
[ The Death of Lazarus ]
So Thomas, called the Twin, said to his fellow disciples,
“Let us also go,
that we may die with him.”
_________________
[ The Death of Lazarus ]
So Thomas, called the Twin, said to his fellow disciples,
“Let us also go,
that we may die with him.”
_________________
So Thomas, called the Twin, said to his fellow disciples, “Let us also go, that we may die with him.”
John 11:15-17 (in Context) John 11 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
John 11:15-17 (in Context) John 11 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
__________________________
[ I Am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life ]
Thomas said to him, “Lord, we do not know where you are going. How can we know the way?”
______________________
[ I Am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life ]
Thomas said to him, “Lord, we do not know where you are going. How can we know the way?”
______________________
Thomas said to him, “Lord, we do not know where you are going. How can we know the way?”
John 14:4-6 (in Context) John 14 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
John 14:4-6 (in Context) John 14 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
______________________
[ Jesus and Thomas ]
Now Thomas, one of the Twelve, called the Twin, was not with them when Jesus came.
_____________________
[ Jesus and Thomas ]
Now Thomas, one of the Twelve, called the Twin, was not with them when Jesus came.
_____________________
[ Jesus and Thomas ] Now Thomas, one of the Twelve, called the Twin, was not with them when Jesus came.
John 20:23-25 (in Context) John 20 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
John 20:23-25 (in Context) John 20 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
______________________
[ Jesus and Thomas ]
Eight days later, his disciples were inside again, and Thomas was with them.
Although the doors were locked,
Jesus came and stood among them and said,
“Peace be with you.”
__________________
[ Jesus and Thomas ]
Eight days later, his disciples were inside again, and Thomas was with them.
Although the doors were locked,
Jesus came and stood among them and said,
“Peace be with you.”
__________________
Eight days later, his disciples were inside again, and Thomas was with them. Although the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you.”
John 20:25-27 (in Context) John 20 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
John 20:25-27 (in Context) John 20 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
______________________
[ Jesus and Thomas ]
Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here, and see my hands; and put out your hand,
and
place it in my side. Do not disbelieve, but believe.”
_________________
[ Jesus and Thomas ]
Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here, and see my hands; and put out your hand,
and
place it in my side. Do not disbelieve, but believe.”
_________________
Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here, and see my hands; and put out your hand, and place it in my side. Do not disbelieve, but believe.”
John 20:26-28 (in Context) John 20 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
John 20:26-28 (in Context) John 20 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
______________________
[ Jesus and Thomas ]
Thomas answered him, “My Lord and my God!”
__________________
[ Jesus and Thomas ]
Thomas answered him, “My Lord and my God!”
__________________
Thomas answered him, “My Lord and my God!”
John 20:27-29 (in Context) John 20 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
John 20:27-29 (in Context) John 20 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
________________________
[ Jesus Appears to Seven Disciples ]
1)Simon Peter, 2)Thomas (called the Twin), 3)Nathanael of Cana in Galilee,
the sons of Zebedee 4,5)(James,John)
and
6,7)two others of his disciples were together.
_________________________
[ Jesus Appears to Seven Disciples ]
1)Simon Peter, 2)Thomas (called the Twin), 3)Nathanael of Cana in Galilee,
the sons of Zebedee 4,5)(James,John)
and
6,7)two others of his disciples were together.
_________________________
Simon Peter, Thomas (called the Twin), Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, the sons of Zebedee, and two others of his disciples were together.
John 21:1-3 (in Context) John 21 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
John 21:1-3 (in Context) John 21 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
_________________________________
[ Matthias Chosen to Replace Judas ]
And when they had entered, they went up to the upper room, where they were staying, Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew,
James the son of Alphaeus
and Simon the Zealot and Judas (Thaddaeus)
the son of James.
_________________________
[ Matthias Chosen to Replace Judas ]
And when they had entered, they went up to the upper room, where they were staying, Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew,
James the son of Alphaeus
and Simon the Zealot and Judas (Thaddaeus)
the son of James.
_________________________
And when they had entered, they went up to the upper room, where they were staying, Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot and Judas the son of James.
Acts 1:12-14 (in Context) Acts 1 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations
Acts 1:12-14 (in Context) Acts 1 (Whole Chapter) Other Translations